清代皖西地区匪患问题探析

Analysis on the Problems of Banditry in the Western Anhui in the Qing Dynasty

清代皖西匪患种类较多且频发,对社会生产和百姓生活造成了很大危害。匪患发生年份不均,在顺治朝与咸丰朝有两个高峰期。匪患在皖西空间分布差异也较为明显,霍邱县最多,英山县最少。其多发原因与当地民风彪悍、自然灾害、人地关系、社会环境、吏治腐败等息息相关。地方官府通过武力清剿、推行保甲等措施剿匪,并积极通过设立义仓、播发稻种与耕牛等方式,来减轻灾害、恢复生产。皖西百姓也积极采取多种方式抵御匪寇,如兴办团练、构筑堡寨等。

Many types of bandits were found to exist and occur frequently in western Anhui in the Qing Dynasty,so the great harm was caused to social production and people's lives.The emergence of banditry could be found in different years,which experienced two peaks in the Shunzhi and Xianfeng dynasties.The differences in the spatial distribution of banditry in western Anhui were also obvious,which was embodied in the most in Huoqiu County and the least in Yingshan County.The causes for its frequent emergence had close connection with local folk customs,natural disasters,human-land relationship,social environment,corruption of officials and so on.The measures such as the implementation of neighbourhood administrative system and so on were adopted by the local government to suppress the bandits by force,so as to reduce disasters and resume production.Many ways were also actively adopted by the people in western Anhui to defend against banditry,such as organizing group training,constructing fortresses and so on.