生态危机的资本主义根源:戴维·佩珀的理论论证及其当代反思

The Capitalist Roots of the Ecological Crisis:David Pepper's Theoretical Arguments and Its Contemporary Reflections

佩珀在马克思主义自然观、法兰克福学派生态危机批判思想及其他西方马克思主义学者与流派的生态危机思想的基础上对西方绿色思潮的基本主张展开全面而系统的梳理分析及缺陷揭示,认为这些思潮都未能切中生态危机的问题实质。在佩珀看来,资本主义的生产方式、消费方式及其推行的生态帝国主义战略是造成生态危机的根本原因,并对此提出化解生态危机的“生态社会主义”构建设想,其实现路径体现在站稳人类中心主义立场、消解资本逻辑、坚持经济“适度发展”原则及秉持“红绿联盟”举措。佩珀生态危机理论,一方面表现出极强的对于资本主义制度的批判力度,对生态问题实质的把握可谓一针见血;另一方面又由于其试图用生态危机替代经济危机及对待马克思主义的折中态度,这无疑成为这一理论的内在缺陷。

Based on the Marxist view of nature,the ecological crisis critical thought of Frankfurt School and the ecological crisis thought of other western Marxist scholars and schools,David Pepper launched a comprehensive critique to the basic propositions of the western green thought.He believes that these thought have failed to grasp the essence of the ecological crisis.In Pepper's view,the capitalist mode of production,consumption and its ecoimperialist strategy are the root causes of the ecological crisis.At the same time,he put forward an idea of resolving ecological crisis—building"eco-socialism",which is achieved by standing firm in anthropocentrism,dissolving the logic of capital,adhering to the economic principle of"moderate development"and adhering to the"red-green alliance"initiative.Pepper's theory of ecological crisis,on the one hand,shows a strong critical force against the capitalist system,thus grasping the root causes of the ecological crisis.On the other hand,his attempt to replace the economic crisis with an ecological crisis and his compromise attitude towards Marxism have undoubtedly become an inherent flaw in this theory.