进口柑橘、香蕉、猕猴桃农药残留风险评估

Risk assessment of pesticide residues in imported citrus,banana and kiwi

评估进口水果主要风险因素,为进口水果风险管控和完善农药最大限量(MRL)提供科学依据。以来自澳大利亚、新西兰、菲律宾、南非4个国家的37份进口水果样品为研究对象,采用GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS筛查356种农药;采用%ADI和%ARfD分别对进口水果进行慢性和急性膳食摄入风险评估,并对检出农药进行风险排序。有35份水果检出农药残留,共检出农药32种。检出率较高的农药是氯氟氰菊酯(43.2%)、肟菌酯(37.8%)、甲拌磷(24.3%)、水胺硫磷(24.3%)和抑霉唑(24.3%);猕猴桃和柑橘中甲拌磷和水胺硫磷的超标率分别为18.9%和13.5%。各农药的%ADI范围在0.006%~10.562%,慢性膳食摄入风险较低。%ARfD范围在0.004%~51.856%,各农药的最高残留量(HR)均远小于安全界限值(SM),急性膳食摄入风险可控。甲拌磷、水胺硫磷、烯虫酯、敌敌畏4种农药的风险排序为高风险。建议完善氯氟氰菊酯、肟菌酯等检出率较高农药的MRL值和登记情况,高毒高风险农药在进口水果质量安全监管中应引起重视。

To assess the main risk factors for imported fruits,provide a scientific basis for the supervision and the formulation of maximum levels of pesticides.The 37 imported fruit samples were selected as research objects coming from Australia,New Zealand,Philippines,South Africa.The 365 pesticide residues were revealed by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS.Chronic dietary intake risk and acute dietary intake risk of pesticide residues were assessed by%ADI and%ArfD,and the risk of pesticide detection was ranked in imported fruits.Pesticide residues were detected in 35 samples of total.The 32 kinds of pesticide residues were detected.The high detection rate were cyhalothrin(43.2%),trifloxystrobin(37.8%),phorate(24.3%),isocarbophos(24.3%)and imazalil(24.3%).The exceeding rates for phorates and amiphos in kiwi and orange were 18.9%and 13.5%,respectively.The risk of chronic dietary intake was more lower,and the%ADI of each pesticide ranges from 0.006%to 10.562%.The acute dietary intake risks expressed as%ARfD were 0.004%-51.856%.The maximum residues(HR)of each pesticide were far less than the safety limit value(SM).Four pesticides,Phorate,isocarbophos,methoprene and dichlorvos,are ranked as high risk.It recommended to improve the MRL value and registration of pesticides with high detection rate,such as cyhalothrin and trifloxystrobin.The quality and safety supervision should be paid more attention in high toxicity and high risk pesticides in imported fruits.