新发展格局下种业发展国际经验及对中国的启示

International Experience in Seed Industry Development and Enlightenment to China under the New Development Pattern

种子被称为农业的“芯片”,是粮食系统的基础元素,是保障“米袋子”和“菜篮子”的前提。本文通过对美国、德国及日本3个国际种业强国的优秀经验进行对比总结,发现各国均非常注重种子科研及成果转化、强调政府与市场多方主体合作、挖掘国内外优质种源。中国与国际种业强国之间的差距表现为:集中化程度不高、多元化竞争不足、国际市场竞争力不强等。基于此,在新发展格局下,本文为确保中国种业安全提出以下建议:粮食作物育种创新保障种子供给安全,非粮食作物育种创新驱动种子多元发展,“卡脖子”种子育种突破保障种子主权安全。

Seeds are known as the“chips”of agriculture,which are the basic elements of the food system and the premise for guaranteeing“rice bags”and“vegetable baskets”.This paper analyzes the measures of the United States,Germany and Japan to promote the seed industry,and finds that these three countries attach great importance to seed scientific research and achievement transformation,emphasize the cooperation between the government and the market,and tend to explore high-quality seed sources at home and abroad.In terms of seed industry,the gap between China and the above countries is mainly reflected in three aspects:relatively low degree of centralization,lack of diversified competition,and relatively weak international market competitiveness.In order to ensure the safety of Chinese seed industry,the following suggestions are put forward under the new development pattern:innovation in food crop breeding to ensure seed supply security,innovation in non-food crop breeding drives seed diversification,breakthrough in“stranglehold”seed guarantees seed sovereign security.