《补遗雷公炮制便览》中的明代百姓家具研究

The Study of Ming Dynasty Common People’s Furniture in the Supplement to"Lei Gong’s Processing Drugs Browse"

《补遗雷公炮制便览》是研究明代百姓家具的珍贵图像资料,对其中所见家具从椅类、凳类、桌案类等方面进行考察,分析它们的造型特征和使用场景,可以了解到明代百姓家具的设计带有强烈的实用主义色彩,人们往往从自身的生活经验和使用习惯出发,依据不同的生产生活方式使用不同形制的家具,具有强大的场所适应性特征。其中,椅类家具和几类家具虽然是百姓用具,但仍然具有一定的阶级象征性,多为拥有一定经济基础的百姓使用,它们的形制更为讲究,制作技艺更为复杂。凳类家具和桌案类家具则更多追求实用性和牢固性,它们的形制看起来较为简练厚重。尽管如此,明代家具蕴含的崇尚自然、以人为本等设计理念,以及结构简练精当等原则,依然为这些家具所继承,体现了精英文化与市井文化的融合。

The Supplement to Lei Gong’s Processing Drugs Browse is a precious color image material for studying the furniture of common people in the Ming dynasty.The investigation is carried out from four angles:chairs,stools,desks,and tables.By analyzing their modeling features and usage scenarios,we can learn that the furniture design of the common people in the Ming dynasty boasts a strong sense of pragmatism.Individuals invariably employ various shapes of furniture based on different production and life styles in accordance with their own life experience and usage habits,demonstrating a strong field adaptability.Among them,although chairs and tables are common utensils,they have certain class symbolism and are primarily used by people with a certain economic foundation.Their shapes are more exquisite,and their manufacturing techniques are more complex.Stool,desk,and table are more practical and solid,with more succinct and weighty shapes.Nevertheless,the design ideals of advocating nature and peopleorientedness contained in Ming dynasty furniture,as well as the principles of brief and precise structure,have been passed down to these pieces of furniture,demonstrating the fusion of elite and civil culture.