荷兰乡村城镇化研究历程及意义

Process and significance of the study on urbanization of Dutch countryside

荷兰城市史研究多散见于经济史和农业史研究之中,专论研究并不多见,集中探讨乡村城镇化历程的更为少见。本文以学者们关注的时代为顺序,结合荷兰城市史相关的研究,对以下问题探讨:罗马文明与公元八世纪之后尼德兰地区城市发展之间的关系,有学者提出了肯定罗马化存在助力尼德兰城市复兴的罗马原因论,而反对此论的学者则提出了“商业推动论”;近代早期荷兰城乡关系得到国内外部分学者的关注,丰富了我们对城市发展和乡村经济演化等方面的认识;工业革命时代以来,对荷兰经济做出重要贡献的农业引起部分学者的兴趣,然而城乡关系的研究却有所弱化。荷兰乡村城镇化历程研究无论在整体方面还是在细节方面都有待加强,这方面的工作既有重要的学术价值又有较强的现实意义。

Analyses about Dutch urban history are mostly scattered in studies of economic history and agricultural history,and special treatises on this subject are not enough,not to mention some monograph on the process of rural urbanization.In accordance with the order of historical times,research related to the Dutch urban history referred the following issues:the relationship between Roman civilization and urban development in the Netherlands after the turn of the 8th century.Some scholars have proposed that the Romanization was beneficial to latter urbanization,and scholars who opposed that theory put forward the“business-promoting theory”.The relationship between urban and rural areas in the early modern period was paid attention by some scholars at home and abroad,which has enriched our knowledge about development in towns and cities,and also extended our understanding about rural economic development.Since the era of the industrial revolution,agriculture that made important contributions to the Dutch economy has attracted the interest of some scholars.However,research on urban-rural relations is still weakened.The study of the process of rural urbanization in the Netherlands needs to be strengthened both in terms of the overall situation and in terms of the details.There is not only important academic value,but also strong practical significance in the work.