多维健康导向下社区公共空间评价与优化研究--以天津市南开区嘉陵道片区为例

Research on Evaluation and Optimization of Community Public Space under the Multidimensional Health Orientation:A Case Study based on Jialing Road,Nankai District,Tianjin

后疫情时代社区公共空间作为居民生活的主要空间载体,是维系公共健康与生活品质的重要纽带,构建以多维健康为导向的社区公共空间是未来社区建设的关键。系统梳理多维健康与社区公共空间发展的内在联系,分析影响社区公共空间健康干预的主要因子(生理健康、心理健康与社会健康)及其逻辑关系;并以天津市南开区嘉陵道片区辖属16个代表社区为例,研究确定影响居民健康的社区公共空间干预的相关评价指标,运用熵权法综合测度其干预绩效,重构空间领域的划分,构建四层健康社区公共空间结构体系,提出社区公共空间组织的优化路径与提升策略。

As an important spatial aspect of residents'lives,community public space is an important tie to public health and quality of life.The quality and design of community public spaces have an important impact on the living environment and living pattern of residents in communities.At present,research on urban community planning in China is limited.Specifically,special attention must be paid to public health issues.Extant studies on community public spaces and multi-dimensional health lack mature planning indexes and guidance.Given the strategy of"Healthy China"and the social background of the COVID-19 pandemic,urban community renewal,the"cell project"of urban construction,is the spatial carrier by which to optimize the healthy life of residents.Community public space focused on multidimensional health is key to community planning and renewal construction in future.Based on the perspective of multidimensional health,the relationship between multidimensional health and development of community public spaces was reviewed systematically by analyzing changes in residents'health demands under the influence of an urban development background in different stages.It was concluded that community public space can stimulate intrinsic reactions of residents,intervene in both the physical and mental health of residents through perception,and promote harmonious social development.Combining with existing research results,environmental factors with a high degree of relevant agglomeration were extracted and extended to spatial intervention,and major factors that influence the health intervention ability of community public spaces(physical health intervention factors,psychological health intervention factors,and social health intervention factors)and their logic relations were screened and analyzed.The results were used to form evaluation indexes in later stage.Influences of community public spaces on residents were calculated and analyzed.Through evidence-based practice,16 representative communities in Jialing Street,Nankai District,Tianjin were chosen;these communities had significant differences in living environmental quality,historical details,and cultural forms,and hence have representativeness and typicality to study the health demands of community public spaces.In this study,relevant evaluation indexes of community public space interventions that influences residents'health were determined.Intervention performances were measured using the entropy weight method and the spatial zoning was reconstructed.The results of community public space intervention on residents'health were divided into three types,namely,physical health interventions,psychological health interventions,and social health intervention.Causes for different health intervention performances of community public spaces among different groups were analyzed.As a result,three optimization strategies were proposed:1)improve inherent public space vitality of communities through on-site construction and breaking through"arteries and joints";2)activate potential values,improve environmental treatment quality,create harmonious neighborhood,and highlight characteristics of the community;and 3)involve all age groups,reconstruct the spatial domain,and establish a community public space system for networked health coordination.Moreover,it proposes methods to discuss the construction of a community public space system based on a multidimensional health perspective which is government-led and assisted by social institutions,community planners,and grass-roots community organizations.On one hand,it is suggested to establish a perfecting mechanism to create multidimensional health community public spaces and improve the quality of life of residents.On the other hand,community residents are encouraged to adopt self-governance and create a positive and harmonious community atmosphere.