体力活动视角下的中学校园优化设计研究--以西安市为例

Research on the Optimized Design of Middle School Campuses from the Perspective of Physical Activities:A Case Study based on Xi'an City

基于健康中国的战略需要和健康校园的战略提升,综合统计学和环境行为学理论,探讨中学生体力活动水平与校园公共空间的关联性,进行中学校园的优化设计。首先,通过文献质性分析提取影响学生体力活动水平的16项影响因子,对西安三所中学进行问卷调查;其次,以中学生体力活动水平为因变量,以校园感知环境要素为自变量,通过SPSS确定环境要素影响学生体力活动水平的量化模型;最后,针对XAZX中学提出教学区公共空间具体改造设计,并用Anylogic仿真软件模拟验证。通过中学校园感知环境要素的优化为健康校园设计提供理论支持和实践指导。

Based on the strategic needs of the"Healthy China"initiative and the strategic improvement of campuses for health promotion,the correlation between the physical activity level of middle school students and public spaces on campus was discussed by combining related theories with statistics and environmental behaviors,aiming to improve the subpar health status and insufficient physical activity of middle school students.Moreover,an optimization design for public spaces on middle school campuses was proposed.Firstly,research trends on physical activity were tracked by Vosviewer based on a literature review.With considerations to the uniqueness of physical activity behaviors in middle school students,this study was devoted to analyzing the method of promotion and key factors of physical activities.Secondly,the environmental factors affecting physical activity level were extracted through a qualitative analysis of literature.A total of 16 factors in the four dimensions of accessibility,safety,comfort,and functionality of public space were screened.A satisfaction measurement was carried out using Likert scales.In this study,physical activities in public spaces of three typical middle schools were observed and a questionnaire survey was administered to 240 middle school students,from which 160 valid responses were collected.Thirdly,frequency of recess travel in middle school students was used to characterize their physical activity level in an empirical study.This was used as the dependent variable,while 16 perceived environmental elements were used as independent variables.A quantitative model of the impacts of perceived environmental factors on frequency of physical activity in students was determined through correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis,conducted in SPSS.Effective environmental elements involving accessibility,safety,and function were extracted.It was concluded that increasing walking connectivity,perfecting safety facilities,and strengthening the attractiveness of the space are shortcuts to improving evaluation of the perceived environment.Finally,specific reconstruction design schemes for public spaces of the teaching area in XAZX Middle School,including the courtyard space,platform space,and entrance space,were proposed according to field survey and questionnaire data analysis.Moreover,the flow density in these spaces before and after the reconstruction was simulated by AnyLogic software to verify the practicability of reconstruction design schemes.On this basis,a reasonable and effective spatial optimization design was presented.This study overcomes lack of time-limited and short-distance physical activities by optimizing the perceived environmental elements of public spaces on middle school campuses.Moreover,its conclusions can act as a theoretical reference in studying physical-activity-promoting campus spaces and as a practical reference in the construction of health-oriented campus spaces.