日本视域下的“满洲利权”与侵华政策的形成逻辑

“Economic Rights in Manchuria”from Perspective of Japan and Formation Logic of Its Strategy towards China

日本通过日俄战争和对华“二十一条”非法攫取了中国东北多项利权,使日本所谓“满洲利权”演化为“中日邦交之癌”。币原协调外交虽然曾经成为日本外交政策的主流,但日本政府企图维护和扩大“满洲利权”的所谓战略定位,使中日矛盾、日美矛盾越来越难以调和,进而为日本军部法西斯和右翼势力煽动民族主义情绪、攻击政党内阁和发动恐怖行动提供了重要口实,并导致日本二元外交横行、决策机制扭曲和政治生态变异。日本侵华政策的社会基础在于国际矛盾激化下的民族主义思潮泛滥和国内政治极端化,形成逻辑在于明治宪法体制下的治理规则冲突和制动机制缺失。

Although Shidehara’s coordination diplomacy once became the mainstream of Japanese diplomatic policy,the strategic positioning of Japanese government,which attempted to maintain and expand the“Economic Rights in Manchuria”,still made the contradiction between China,Japan and the United States increasingly difficult to reconcile.This further provided an important excuse for the right-wing forces and fascists in Japanese military to incite nationalist sentiments,attacked the cabinet of political parties and launch terrorist acts,and led to the rampant dual diplomacy in Japan,the distortion of the decision-making mechanism and political ecological variations.The social foundation of Japanese strategy towards China was basically out of nationalist thought and the domestic political extremalization under the intensification of international conflicts,and the logic of its formation lied in the conflict of governance rules and the lack of braking mechanism under the Meiji Constitution system.