融合教育背景下美国合作教学的实践与启示

The Practice and Enlightenment of American Co-teachingin the Context of Inclusive Education

合作教学是美国常用的融合教育教学模式,能够有效满足普通班级中特殊学生的学习需求。开展合作教学需要具备一定的条件,包括教师的专业准备、行政支持、教师的意愿等。合作教学主要有一教一助、站点教学、平行教学、替代性教学和团队教学五种基本模式。合作教学的挑战主要表现在特殊教育教师角色局限、合作教师培训缺乏、共同计划时间有限三个方面。我国在开展合作教学的过程中需要加强教师专业准备、为教师提供行政支持、构建本土化合作教学模式。

Co-teaching is a teaching mode of inclusive education commonly used in the United States,which can effectively meet the learning needs of special students in ordinary classes.Co-teaching requires certain conditions,including teachers’professional preparation,administrative support,and teachers’will.Co-teaching mainly includes five basic modes of one teaching and one assisting,station teaching,parallel teaching,alternative teaching,and team teaching.The challenges are mainly manifested in three aspects of the limited role of special education teachers,lack of cooperative teacher training,and limited time for joint planning.In the process of developing co-teaching,it is necessary to strengthen the professional preparation of teachers,provide administrative support for them,and build a localized co-teaching model.