本科职业教育发展背景下应用型高校面临的挑战与对策

Challenges and Countermeasures of Application-Oriented Colleges and Universities Against the Background of the Development of Undergraduate Vocational Education

发展本科职业教育是我国高等教育发展的重要战略。我国高等教育体系嬗变的历史和现实状况,以及人才特质、教育性质上的融通性,形成了普通教育体系下的应用型人才培养和职业教育体系下的职业人才培养“双轮驱动”的本科职业教育发展基本格局。与本科职业院校相比,应用型高校在学科支撑、高层次人才培养、通识教育和理论知识教育上具有优势,但人才培养的职业性、应用性不足。应用型高校要树立科学办学思想和观念,强化学科支撑,优化专业和课程体系,完善人才培养模式,打造复合型教师队伍,走好应用型人才培养道路。

Developing undergraduate vocational education is an important strategy for the development of higher education in China. The history and current situation of the development and evolution of China’s higher education system, as well as the compatibility of talent characteristics and educational nature, have established the “two-wheel drive” pattern, i.e., the training of applied talents under the general education system and the training of vocational talents under the vocational education system. Compared with undergraduate vocational universities, application-oriented colleges and universities have advantages in discipline support, high-level talent training, as well as general education and theoretical knowledge education. However, the levels of professionalism and applicability of talent training are not high. In order to well implement application-oriented talent training, application-oriented colleges and universities should establish scientific concepts in university management, strengthen discipline support, optimize specialty and curriculum system, improve talent training models, and build a team of teachers with comprehensive capabilities.