超疏水型生物质复合气凝胶的制备及吸油性能评价

Preparation and Oil Absorption Performance Evaluation of Superhydrophobic Biomass Composite Aerogels

为拓宽生物质材料在油水分离领域中的应用,以新疆廉价的大宗废弃葵花杆为原料、壳聚糖为复合材料、硬脂酸为疏水改性剂,通过简单的冷冻干燥-常温浸渍法合成了一种具有超疏水性的杆茎纤维/壳聚糖复合气凝胶。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),接触角测量仪对气凝胶进行表征,并评价了其吸油性能和循环使用性能。研究结果表明:当葵花杆纤维与壳聚糖质量比为6∶1,硬脂酸加量为1.64%,浸渍时间为2.5 h时,复合气凝胶静态水接触角最大,为150.9°。对煤油等不同油品的吸附容量为12.34~21.85 g/g,并且经10次循环使用后仍保持稳定的吸油性能和疏水性能。研究成果不仅为油水分离材料的制备提供了一种新的方法,而且也为新疆丰富的秸秆高值化利用拓宽了途径。

In order to broaden the application of biomass materials in the field of oil-water separation,a kind of superhydrophobic stem fiber/chitosan composite aerogel was synthesized by a simple freeze-drying-normal temperature impregnation method using a large amount of cheap sunflower stems in Xinjiang as raw materials,chitosan as composite material,and stearic acid as hydrophobic modifier.The aerogel was characterized by FT-IR,SEM,and static water contact angle measuring instrument,and oil absorption and recycling performance were evaluated.The results showed that when the mass ratio of sunflower stem fiber and chitosan was 6∶1,the stearic acid dosage was 1.64%,and the immersion time was 2.5 h,the static water contact angle of the obtained composite aerogel was the largest,being of 150.9°.The adsorption capacity of the composite aerogel to different oils such as kerosene was 12.34—21.85 g/g,moreover,it still maintained stable oil absorption and hydrophobicity after 10 cycles of use.The research not only provides a new method for the preparation of oil-water separation materials,but also broadens the way for the high value utilization of abundant straw in Xinjiang.