普职分流应从何时开始?——与姚洋教授商榷

When to Choose Students for Vocational Education?——A Discussion with Professor Yao Yang

职业教育对教育发展有着重要意义,直接关乎人才培养、社会经济发展和产业结构调整。在新一轮教育改革的关键时期,需要精准定位职业教育,精准厘定普职分流的起点,适应教育改革的客观需求。对此,社会各界对普职分流的起点应是中考抑或高考均有争议。实践证明,高考分流可以规避部分人才埋没现象、暂缓学生及家长的焦虑、提高从业者专业对口度,但难以保障技能人才质量、可能加剧过度教育;中考分流可以改善学生学习体验、给更多选择、更好地满足社会经济发展对人才的需求,但将压力前置,不利于社会的合理流动。二者各有利弊,相比之下,后者仍不失为一种次优选择。因此今后仍需着力提升认识水平、加强政策供给,共同助力职业教育发展。

Vocational education has significant importance to the development of education,which is directly related to the cultivation of talents,social and economic development as well as the adjustment of industrial structure.In the critical period of the new round of education reform,it’s necessary to accurately position vocational education,precisely determine the starting point for students to begin vocational education,to meet the objective needs of education reform.In this regard,the policy makers,academic circles and all sectors of society have a dispute over whether the middle school entrance examination or the college entrance examination being suitable to choose a student for vocational education.It is proved in practice that the diversion after college entrance examination can avoid the phenomenon of burying some talents,suspend the anxiety of family,and improve the professional matching level of practitioners.But it is difficult to ensure the quality of skilled talents and may exacerbate excessive education.The diversion after the middle school entrance examination can improve the learning experience of students,give families more choices,and better meet the demand for talents in social and economic development.However,it will put pressure ahead and hinder the rational flow of society.There are pros and cons to both.In contrast,the latter is still a sub-optimal option.Therefore,in the future,we need to improve the level of understanding,strengthen policy supply,and jointly promote the development of vocational education.