民族国家的起源与走向后民族国家结构的根基分析——以哈贝马斯思想为中心的考察

Analysis of the Origin of Nation-States and the Foundation of Post-Nation-State Structure Trend——An Investigation Centered on Habermas’Thought

民族国家是现代性的产物。哈贝马斯一方面强调民族国家形成中“民族文化”的构成要素,同时特别强调公民身份和公民参与对政治团结的功能。在全球化的背景下,哈贝马斯忧虑人类社会陷入霍布斯设想的“自然状态”之中,他通过对欧洲前景的考察认为,欧洲的联合需要吸取民族国家自身二重构成因素的内部冲突,避免文化和身份认同危机带来的融合屏障,同时又要借鉴民族国家团结的某些方式以形成政治整合,这就是通过包容性的参与扩大公共性的交往,形成集体性的生活世界,在此基础上超越不同文化的碰撞带来的认识危机和政治整合的危机。

The nation-state is the product of modernity.Habermas,on the one hand,emphasizes the constituent elements of“national culture”in the formation of nation states,on the other hand,he especially emphasizes the function of citizenship and civic participation to political unity.In the context of globalization,Habermas worries that human society would fall into the“natural state”envisioned by Hobbes.Through his investigation of the prospect of Europe,Habermas believes that the union of Europe needs to absorb the internal conflicts of the dual elements of the nation-state itself,avoid the integration barrier brought by the cultural and identity crisis,and draw on some ways of the nation-state unity to form political integration.These ways are to expand public exchanges through inclusive participation,form a collective life world,and on this basis transcend the crisis of understanding and political integration brought by the collision of different cultures.