马克思“个体”概念的系统探究——基于《德意志意识形态》“费尔巴哈”篇

A Systematic Inquiry into Marx’s Concept of “Individual”:On the Chapter of “Feuerbach” in The German Ideology

“个体”概念在马克思哲学体系中起着重要作用。要更好认知这一概念,有必要对其进行一番系统探究:首先,通过克服其“中文翻译的晦暗不明“”理解的消极片面”两个不足之处来昭示“个体”概念在马克思哲学中的原初面貌;其次,借助“现实的诸个体”来彰显“个体”概念在马克思哲学中的变革,即“现实的诸个体”不仅意味着他对唯心史观之“纯粹的个体”“抽象的诸个体”的解构,还体现出马克思对唯物史观之新人学的建构;最后,根据“完全的诸个体”具体内涵与实现条件的系统论述来凸显“个体”概念在马克思哲学中的达成。

The concept of “individual” plays an important role in Marx’s philosophy. In order to better understand this concept, it is necessary to conduct a systematic study on it. First of all, the original appearance of the concept of “individual” in Marx’s philosophy is revealed by overcoming its shortcomings of “the ambiguity of Chinese translation” and “the negative and one-sided understanding”. Secondly,the transformation of the concept “individual” in Marx’s philosophy is manifested with the help of “the real individuals”, that is, “the real individuals” not only means the deconstruction of “the pure individual” and “the abstract individuals” in historical idealism, but also reflects the construction of Marx’s new humanism in historical materialism. Finally, according to the systematic discussion of the concrete connotation and realization conditions of “the total individuals”, it highlights the realization of the concept of “individual” in Marx’s philosophy.