中药调节肺结核相关免疫的研究进展

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating pulmonary tuberculosis related immunity

中药可以改善肺结核患者的临床症状、影像学表现和痰菌转阴率,其功效与中药对免疫功能的调节关系密切。中药对肺结核相关免疫的调节主要体现在对固有免疫、细胞免疫、体液免疫以及Ⅰ型辅助T淋巴细胞(type I helper T lymphocyte,Th1)/Ⅱ型辅助T淋巴细胞(Th2)平衡的调节方面。比如,在固有免疫方面中药能调节各种模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRR)的表达、提高巨噬细胞的自噬作用以及提高自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cells,NK)的数量;在细胞免疫方面中药能调节CD3+T淋巴细胞、CD4+T淋巴细胞、CD8+T淋巴细胞、调节性T淋巴细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)等T淋巴细胞亚群的数量以及CD4+/CD8+比值;在体液免疫及Th1/Th2平衡方面中药能抑制过度活跃的体液免疫,恢复Th1/Th2的平衡,以提高机体对结核杆菌的细胞免疫应答。现将有关中药调节肺结核相关免疫的研究进展综述如下。

Traditional Chinese medicine can alleviate the clinical symptoms,imaging manifestations of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and improve the sputum negative conversion rate of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.These results are closely related to the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine on the immune function.The regulation of traditional Chinese medicine on pulmonary tuberculosis related immunity is mainly reflected in the regulation of innate immunity,cellular immunity,humoral immunity and the balance of type I helper T lymphocyte(Th1)/type II helper T lymphocyte(Th2).For example,in terms of innate immunity,traditional Chinese medicine can regulate the expression of various pattern recognition receptors(PRR),improve the autophagy of macrophages and increase the number of natural killer cells(NK);in terms of cellular immunity,traditional Chinese medicine can regulate the number of T-lymphocyte subsets such as CD 3+T lymphocytes,CD 4+T lymphocytes,CD 8+T lymphocytes and regulatory T lymphocytes(Treg)and the ratio of CD 4+/CD 8+;in terms of humoral immunity and Th1/Th2 balance,traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit hyperactive humoral immunity and restore the balance of Th1/Th2,so as to improve the cellular immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating pulmonary tuberculosis related immunity is summarized.