环状 RNA 经外泌体促进乳腺癌发展的研究进展

The role of circRNA in promoting breast cancer development through exosomes

环状RNA(circRNA)是由前体RNA的外显子反剪和内含子环化产生的,在各种传染病、炎症反应和肿瘤的发生及进展过程中发挥重要作用的一种非编码RNA。在circRNA调节乳腺癌的机制中,circRNA可以通过参与乳腺癌细胞的增殖与凋亡、糖酵解、转移及耐药性调控乳腺癌的进程。外泌体是小细胞衍生的膜纳米囊泡,携带各种成分,包括脂质、蛋白质和核酸。越来越多的证据表明外泌体在肿瘤发生、侵袭和转移中起作用。乳腺癌分泌的外泌体可以通过转移circRNA调控肿瘤的发生发展、转移;外泌体介导的circRNA可以发挥与miRNA的海绵作用调控乳腺癌细胞对药物的敏感度。本文主要对circRNA经外泌体对乳腺癌发生发展的作用机制进行综述,以期为进一步的研究提供依据。

CircRNA is a class of non-coding RNA produced by exon back-splicing and intron cyclization from pre-mRNA,which plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of various infectious diseases,inflammatory responses and tumors.CircRNA can regulate the progression of breast cancer by participating in the proliferation and apoptosis,glycolysis,metastasis,and drug resistance of breast cancer cells.Exosomes are small cell-derived membrane nano-vesicles that carry various components,including lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids.There is increasing evidence that exosomes play important roles in tumorigenesis,invasion and metastasis.Exosomes secreted by breast cancer can regulate the occurrence,development and metastasis of tumors by transferring circRNA.Exosome-mediated circRNA mainly plays the role of miRNA sponge to regulate the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to drugs.This article mainly reviews the mechanism of circRNA action on the development of breast cancer via exosomes,in order to provide a basis for further research.