模拟月壤制备技术研究进展

Progress in Preparation Technology of Lunar Regolith Simulant

月球是人类开启外太空探索的首个目标,正因如此,不管是对月球本身进行科学探索,还是将月球当作后续太空探测的前哨站,月球基地的建设都具有很高的战略价值。结合原位资源利用技术推动月球基地建设,不仅极大地节省了成本,也减少了地月运输的风险,是目前呼声极高的方案。而月壤作为月球表面最容易获得的材料,自然是作为原位资源利用技术的最佳原料选择。但是目前从月球上收集而来的月壤相当稀少,无法满足实验研究。因此许多国家研制了模拟月壤以便进行各项研究,充分挖掘月壤的潜力以及验证其作为原位资源的可行性。基于此背景,围绕模拟月壤的制备技术,分析讨论现阶段模拟月壤所面临的问题,然后从粉体研究、成型技术、烧结工艺3个方面介绍国内外关于模拟月壤性能提高的研究及其成果,最后对这些科研成果在月球上应用的前景和可能遇到的挑战进行总结与展望。

The moon is the first goal of human exploration of outer space.Because of this,whether it is a scientific exploration of the moon itself,or the moon as a follow-up space exploration outpost,the construction of the moon base has a high strategic value.Combining in-situ resource utilization technology to promote the construction of lunar bases not only greatly saves costs,but also reduces the risk of earth-moon transportation.It is a highly appealing solution.As the most easily available material on the lunar surface,lunar regolith is naturally the best choice for ISRU technology.However,the lunar regolith collected from the moon is quite scarce and cannot be satisfied with experimental research.Therefore,many countries have also developed lunar soil simulants for various studies to fully tap the potential of lunar soil and verify its feasibility as an in-situ resource.Based on this background,the preparation technology of lunar soil stimulant was focused on,the problems faced by lunar soil simulant at the present stage were analyzed and discussed,and then the research and achievements on the performance improvement of lunar soil simulant at home and abroad was introduced from three aspects of powder research,molding technology and sintering process.Finally,the prospects and possible challenges of the application of these scientific research results on the moon were summarized and prospected.