多源流视角下我国校外培训治理政策的历程及优化路径

Analysis of the Policy Changes and Optimization Paths of China’s Off-cam⁃pus Tutoring Governance from the Perspective of Multiple Streams Theory

基于多源流理论框架分析我国的校外培训治理政策历程,文章认为,校外培训机构快速扩张加剧“教育内卷”现象成为问题源流,为此,多方聚力共议校外培训治理策略成为推进政策演进的政策源流,我国的教育理念与追求优质教育资源的公众诉求构成推动政策演进的政治源流,三源流汇聚耦合,推动了由政策之窗开启至政策发展深化的变迁历程。基于此,校外培训治理政策的优化路径为:要重视“问题源流”的驱动作用,密切关注现实需求,回应校外培训中的新问题;要拓宽“政策源流”中的政策议定的主体,搭建平台汇集智慧,形成政策良性互动机制;要契合“政治源流”价值理念,重塑教育生态,强化“双减”政策治理环境,以期为校外培训治理政策未来发展提供参考。

Based on the framework of multiple streams theory and the analysis of the policy history of off-campus tutoring in China,this paper argues that the rapid expansion of off-campus tutoring institutions has exacerbated“education involution”,which is the source stream of the problem;to solve this problem,the combined efforts from multiple parties to develop governance strategies for off-campus tutoring has become the policy stream to encourage policy change;and the concept of education in China and the public demand for quality education resources constitute the political stream that promotes policy evolution.Thus,the connection between these three streams has promoted changes for the policy from opening policy window to further policy development.Based on this,this paper has proposed the following optimization path for the governance strategy for off-campus tutoring:we should focus on the driving role of the“problem source stream”,pay close attention to the actual needs,and respond to the new problems in off-campus tutoring;we need to broaden the subjects of policy agreement in the“policy source stream”,build platforms to gather wisdom,and form a mechanism for positive policy interaction;we need to fit the value concept of the“political source stream”,reshape the education ecology,and strengthen the“double reduction”policy governance environment to provide a reference for the future development of off-campus tutoring governance policy.