沿海地区车顶绝缘子积污特性研究

Study on Fouling Characteristics of Roof Insulators in Coastal Areas

由于沿海地区某高速动车组运行时,其车顶绝缘子局部部位时常发生放电现象,而高速气流和沿海环境都会影响车顶绝缘子的积污特性,从而影响车顶绝缘子的绝缘性能。以动车组上的高压隔离开关绝缘子和受电弓支撑绝缘子为研究对象,通过调研、采样及定量分析的方法研究沿海地区现场运行工况下车顶绝缘子的积污特性。研究结果表明:污秽空间分布主要呈现扇形分布和条纹状分布,污秽含量分布从高压端到低压端主要呈下降趋势,背风面污秽沉积量大于迎风面,上下表面污秽不均匀度最大值为2.85,伞裙表面灰盐比为3.75;雾水天气、车顶布置以及相邻伞裙的组合方式对积污特性的影响较大;绝缘子表面盐密最大值为34.57μg/cm^(2),灰密最大值为72.34μg/cm^(2),可溶盐中阳离子中占比最大的是Na^(+),约为51.07%,阴离子中占比最大的是SO_(4)^(2-),约为50.18%。

As a high-speed Electric Multiple Unit(EMU)in a coastal area often encounters the discharge in some parts of the roof insulator,and the high-speed airflow and the coastal environment may all affect the insulation characteristics of the roof insulator,thereby deteriorating the insulation performance of the roof insulator,the pollution characteristics of the roof insulators under the on-site operating conditions in coastal areas are studied by means of investigation,sampling and quantitative analysis with reference to the high-voltage isolating switch insulators and pantograph supporting insulators on the EMU.The research results show that the spatial distribution of pollution mainly presents a fan-shaped distribution and a striped distribution,and the distribution of pollution content mainly tends to go down from the high voltage end to the low voltage end,the amount of pollution deposition on the leeward side is greater than that on the windward side,the maximum value of the pollution unevenness on the upper and lower shed surfaces is 2.85,and the maximum ratio of NSDD(non-soluble deposit density)to ESDD(equivalent salt deposit density)is 3.75.In foggy weather,the arrangement of roof insulators and the combination of adjacent sheds have a greater impact on the pollution characteristics.The maximum ESDD on the surface of the insulators is 34.57μg/cm^(2),and the maximum NSDD is 72.34μg/cm^(2).Na^(+)covers the largest proportion of cations in soluble salts,about 51.07%,and SO_(4)^(2-)takes the largest proportion of anions in soluble salts,about 50.18%.