约翰·密尔理论中的“冲突”观念

The Concept of“Conflict”in John Mill’s Theory

冲突之于密尔理论的基础性地位在传统论述中通常遭到忽视。密尔在社会经验层面上承认多种类型冲突的实存。在他看来,冲突是一个社会有机体保持活力的重要方式,理想的社会要素在多类群体的必然性冲突中得以形成。密尔的冲突观念也使其对人本质的理解中内在包含了一个自我发展、自我实现的积极维度。识别冲突观念在密尔理论中的核心位置,将增进我们对密尔理论的全面认知,并将密尔纳入到政治思想史中“竞技性自由主义”的发展谱系之中。

The fundamental status of conflict in Mill’s theory is often ignored in the traditional discourse.Mill acknowledged the existence of various types of conflicts on the level of social experience.For Mill,conflict is an important way for a social organism to stay alive.In the inevitable conflicts,multiple groups jointly promote the formation of ideal social elements.Mill’s concept of conflict also makes his understanding of human nature containing a positive dimension of self-development and self-realization.Identifying the central status of conflict in Mill’s theory can enhance our overall understanding of Mill’s theory and bring Mill into the developmental pedigree of antagonistic liberalism in the history of political thought.