多层区域下的“大湄公河次区域”与“澜湄合作”安全竞合关系研究

A Study on the Security Competition and Cooperation between the GMS and the LMC from a Multi-regional Level Perspective

多层区域自下而上分为跨境微区域、次区域、区域与跨区域四个层次。已有研究普遍忽视了“大湄公河次区域”(GMS)与“澜湄合作”(LMC)的层次差异对两者竞合关系的塑造。GMS是跨境微区域合作,而LMC是国家间次区域合作,区域层次差异是两者安全竞合产生的主要原因之一。GMS与LMC的产生寓于大湄(澜湄)次区域安全区域主义进程中,这两个机制在延续此前次区域合作机制在议题、行为体、区域主义层次等方面安全互补的同时,体现出安全身份互补的新特征。两个机制间的直接安全竞争涉及议程、国家角色凸显以及澜湄次区域安全治理固有症结等方面,间接安全竞争涉及外部行为体间的安全竞争以及“宏-次区域”安全模式竞争等方面。

In a broad sense,the term“region”can be divided into four levels:cross-border micro-regions,sub-re⁃gions,regions and cross-regions.The“Greater Mekong Sub-region”(GMS)constitutes cross-border micro-regional co⁃operation,while the“Lancang-Mekong Cooperation”(LMC)represents sub-regional cooperation among nations.Security is primarily expounded as a mechanism or a subsidiary aspect of the issue in the existing research on the competition and cooperation between the GMS and the LMC.The regional-level difference is one of the main reasons for the security compe⁃tition and cooperation of the two mechanisms.While embodying the new characteristics of security identity complementarity,the GMS and the LMC sustain the previous Greater Mekong cooperation mechanism in terms of issues,actors and other as⁃pects of security complementarity.In addition,the security competition between the two mechanisms comprises both direct and indirect aspects.Direct competition involves aspects such as the agenda,the prominent role of the nation,and the in⁃herent crux of the Lancang-Mekong sub-regional security governance.Indirect competition involves security competition a⁃mong external actors and competition in the“macro-sub-regional”security models.