非小细胞肺癌中循环肿瘤细胞基因检测及免疫标志物研究进展

Research progress of circulating tumor cell gene detection and immunomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer

在所有恶性肿瘤中,肺癌发病率位居前列,其病死率更是在所有恶性肿瘤中居于第一位,极大地危害患者的生命健康,随着分子病理学、基因诊断组学的不断发展,肺癌的诊疗方式也发生了极大的改变,由既往的化疗、放疗时代进入了分子靶向治疗、免疫治疗时代。但是,分子靶向治疗及免疫治疗的前提需要基于靶向基因及免疫标志物的检测,目前不论是基因检测还是免疫标志物的检测,均需要获取患者的肿瘤组织,存在重复性差、部分患者取材困难或者取材量不足等缺点,因此通过其他方式获取患者的免疫及靶向治疗相关分子信息成为临床的需要,循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)上进行相关基因二代测序及免疫标志物的测定目前成为热点,本文就此进行综述。

Lung cancer ranks top in incidence rate and ranks the first in mortality rate among all malignant tumors,thus greatly endangering the life and health of patients.With the continuous development of molecular pathology and diagnostic genomics,the diagnosis and treatment method of lung cancer has also undergone great changes,from the previous era of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the era of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy.However,the molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy needs to be based on the detection of targeted genes and immunomarkers.At present,both gene detection and immunomarker detection require to obtain tumor tissues of patients,which has shortcomings such as poor repeatability,difficulty in obtaining tissues for some patients,or insufficient amount of tissues.Therefore,it becomes a clinical need to obtain molecular information related to patients’immunotherapy and targeted therapy through other methods.The second-generation sequencing of related genes and the determination of immunomarkers on circulating tumor cells(CTC)have become a hot spot.This article reviews this topic.