百草霜对异育银鲫“中科5号”幼鱼生长及消化性能的影响

Feeding plant soot affecting growth performance and enzyme activities in juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio“CAS V”

为研究饲料中添加不同剂量的百草霜对异育银鲫“中科5号”(Carassius auratus gibelio“CAS V”)幼鱼生长、肠道结构、消化酶和非特异免疫酶活性的影响,将1440尾异育银鲫“中科5号”幼鱼随机分为4组,每组3个平行,每个平行120尾鱼,其中3组分别投喂百草霜添加量为0.2%(A组)、0.4%(B组)、0.8%(C组)的试验组,另外1组投喂百草霜添加量为0%(D组)的对照组,进行为期70 d的养殖试验。结果表明:四组中,C组生长最快,增重率较D组提高了15.49%(P<0.05);日增重A组和C组较D组分别提高了10.14%和15.99%(P<0.05),C组为各组的最大值;A组肥满度和脏体指数显著高于D组(P<0.05);各试验组饲料系数比D组降低了9.02%~20.90%。C组肠道结构完整,杯状细胞含量最多,肠绒毛排列整齐且高度最大(P<0.05),褶皱个数最多。消化酶活性显示:C组淀粉酶(AMS)活性比D组提高了48.16%,且显著高于其他组(P<0.05);C组脂肪酶(LPS)活性较D组提高了24.97%(P<0.05);各试验组肠道胰蛋白酶(TRY)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)且随着百草霜添加量的增加而升高,其中C组TRY活性最高,比D组提高了126.48%(P<0.05)。非特异免疫酶活性显示:各试验组肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性随着百草霜添加量的增加而升高且差异显著(P<0.05),但C组与D组(对照组)差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组肝脏酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性随着百草霜添加量的增加而逐步升高,差异不显著(P>0.05),C组比D组提高了12.78%(P<0.05);各试验组肝脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性随着百草霜添加量的增加而升高,其中C组为各组最大值且较D组提高了62.58%(P<0.05);各试验组肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较D组均有所提高,其中C组为各组最大值(P<0.05)比D组提升了20.08%。在饲料中添加0.8%百草霜可有效提升异育银鲫“中科5号”幼鱼的生长性能,改善肠道组织结构,提升消化酶活性,提高饲料的消化吸收能力,降低饲料系数,增强鱼体非特异性免疫力和抗氧化能力。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of plant soot on the growth performance,intestinal structure,digestive enzyme and non-specific immune enzyme activities of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio"CAS V".A total of 1440 juvenile C.auratus gibelio"CAS V"were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 120 fish per relicate.Among them,3 groups were experimental groups fed with plant soot supplemental level 0.2%(group A),0.4%(group B),0.8%(group C)respectively,and the other group was control group fed with 0%plant soot supplemental level(group D).The experiment lasted for 70 days.The results showed that among the four groups,group C showed the fastest growth and increased the weight gain rate(WGR)by 15.49%compared with group D(P<0.05).The daily weight gain(DWG)in group A and group C was 10.14%and 15.99%higher than that in group D(P<0.05),group C was the maximum value of each group.The condition factor(CF)and visceral index(VR)in group A were significantly higher than those in group D(P<0.05).The feed conversion rate(FCR)of experimental groups was reduced by 9.02%~20.90%compared with that of group D.The intestinal structure was complete and the intestinal villi were arranged neatly in group C.The content of goblet cells,intestinal villi height and the number of folds were the maximum in group C.Digestive enzyme activities showed that the activities of amylase(AMS)in group C was 48.16%higher than that in group D,and significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The activities of lipase(LPS)in group C was 24.97%higher than that in group D(P<0.05).The activities of trypsin(TRY)in intestinal of experimental groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05)and increased with the increase of plant soot supplemental level.The activities of TRY was the highest in group C,which was increased by 126.48%compared with group D(P<0.05).Non-specific immunoenzyme activities showed that the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)increased with the increase of plant soot supplemental level in liver of experimental groups and the difference was significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between group C and group D(control group)(P>0.05).The activities of acid phosphatase(ACP)increased gradually with the increase of plant soot supplemental level in liver of experimental groups,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05),group C was 12.78%higher than group D(P<0.05).The activities of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)increased with the increase of plant soot supplemental level in liver of experimental groups,and group C was the maximum and increased by 62.58%compared with group D(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the activities of catalase(CAT)was increased in liver of experimental groups,and group C was the maximum(P<0.05)which was increased by 20.08%compared with group D.In conclusion the supplement with 0.8%plant soot in juvenile C.auratus gibelio"CAS V"diet could effectively improve the growth performance and intestinal tissue structure,enhance the activities of digestive enzymes,improve the digestive and absorptive capacity of feed and reduce the feed coefficient,enhance non-specific immunity and antioxidative capacity of fish.