发酵辣椒对麻黄肉鸡的生产性能、免疫指标、抗氧化功能及盲肠微生物群的影响

Effects of fermented pepper on the production performance,immune indexes and cecal microorganisms of“MaHuang”broilers

为探讨由枯草芽孢杆菌发酵的辣椒秸秆粉在肉鸡饲粮中的作用,试验选择30日龄雄性麻黄肉鸡240羽,随机分为2个组,对照组(A组)饲喂基础日粮,试验组(B组)饲喂基础日粮中添加2%发酵辣椒秸秆粉的日粮,每组6个重复,每个重复20羽。结果表明:(1)同对照组相比,试验组肉鸡的日增重显著增加(P<0.05),生长性能其他指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)B组肉鸡法氏囊指数、胸腺指数和脾脏指数较A组均显著提高(P<0.05)。(3)B组血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性含量较A组显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量较A组显著降低(P<0.05),其余血清指标A、B组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(4)A组和B组样本的微生物丰度和均匀度相似,且物种多样性差异不显著(P>0.05)。盲肠内微生物的优势菌门分别为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);优势菌属为厚壁菌属(Firmicutes)、另枝菌属(Alistipes);与A组相比,日粮添加发酵辣椒可显著降低肉鸡盲肠拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和迷踪菌门(Elusimicrobia)的相对丰度(P<0.05),以及降低拟杆菌属相对丰度(P<0.05),显著提高柔嫩梭菌属(Faecalibacterium)相对丰度(P<0.05)。综合以上结果可知,在日粮中添加以枯草芽孢杆菌发酵辣椒秸秆粉,能够提高肉鸡生长性能,改善机体免疫机能,维持盲肠微生物的稳定。

The aim explores the effect of pepper straw powder fermented by Bacillus subtilis in broiler diets,24030-day-old male“MaHuang”broilers were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups.The control group(group A)was fed the basal ration.The experimental group(group B)was fed a diet supplemented with 2%of fermented pepper straw powder in the basal diet,6 repetitions in each group,20 pigeons in each repetition.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the control group,the daily gain of the broilers in the experimental group increased significantly(P<0.05),and other indicators of growth performance were not significantly different(P>0.05).(2)The bursa index,thymus index and spleen index of group B were significantly higher than those of group A(P<0.05).(3)The levels of immunoglobulin IgG and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)activity in serum of group B were significantly higher than those of group A(P<0.05),and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05),and other serum indexes were not significantly different between groups A and B(P>0.05).(4)The microbial abundance and uniformity of the samples in group A and group B were similar,and there was no significant difference in species diversity(P>0.05).The predominant phyla of microorganisms in the cecum were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes;the predominant genera were Firmicutes and Alistipes;Dietary supplementation of fermented peppers significantly decreased the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Elusimicrobia in broilers(P<0.05),as well as the relative abundance of Bacteroides(P<0.05),and significantly improved the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium(P<0.05).Based on the above results,it could be seen that adding Bacillus subtilis fermented pepper straw powder to the diet could improve the growth performance of broilers,improve the immune function of the body,and maintain the stability of cecal microorganisms.