信访制度运行中的功能性障碍及其纾解

The Functional Obstacles and Solutions in the Operation of the Petition System in China

信访制度是中国特色社会主义民主政治制度的有益补充,在解决社会问题、化解社会风险、维护社会稳定方面发挥了重要的作用。新中国成立以来,我国信访制度的目标随国家建设目标而不断转化,逐步走向法治化道路。尽管如此,运行中的信访制度仍然存在一些功能性障碍,表现为:冲击正常制度界限的越级越位信访;信访上行压力下政府权威自上而下的逐层递减;叠床架屋式的信访工作网络内边界模糊。信访制度的功能性障碍使其设计初衷与现实运作发生背离,与其内在的结构性矛盾是不无关系的,包括多头受理与归口负责的矛盾、角色定位与公众期许的矛盾、片面强化领导权威与打造法治信访的矛盾、畅通信访渠道与发包维稳考核指标的矛盾。解决这些矛盾,须从公众信访需求的权威性分流、合理定位信访机构的职能分工、充分发挥社会力量的治理作用、健全多元化科学决策机制等多方面着手,从而达到系统性解决信访制度运行中的功能性障碍之目的。

The petition system is a beneficial supplement to the socialist democratic political system with Chinese characteristics.It plays an important role in solving social problems,dissolving social risks and maintaining social stability Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the goal of the petition system in China has been constantly transformed with the goal of national construction and gradually moved towards the road of rule of law.However,there are still some functional obstacles in the petition system,such as overstepping the boundaries of the normal system;the gradual decline of government authority under the upward pressure of petition;the inner boundary of the overlapping petition network.The functional obstacles of the petition system make its design intention deviate from the actual operation seriously,which is related to its internal structural contradictions,including the contradiction between multiple acceptance and centralized responsibility;the contradiction between the role orientation and the public expectation;the contradiction between unilaterally strengthening the leadership authority and building the rule of law;he contradiction between unblocking the channels of petition and the evaluation index of stability maintenance of contract awarding.To solve these contradictions,we must start from the authoritative diversion of public demand,reasonably positioning the functional division,giving full play to the governance role of social forces,improving the diversified scientific decision-making mechanism,and establishing a multi-level social support system,so as to achieve the goal of systematically solving the functional obstacles of the petition system.