中药方剂配伍中“使药”作用探究

Role of“Guiding Medicinal”in the Compatibility of Chinese Medicine Prescriptions

中药通常配伍成方剂被广泛应用,而非单味药物使用。方剂配伍结构严谨,细微的变化都会造成显著影响。中药复方常遵循君臣佐使的配伍原则,君臣佐使虽然作用不同,但是环环相扣,互相影响,取长补短,以此达到增效减毒的目的。天王补心丹中的桔梗和生化汤中的甘草均为使药,使药虽然用量最小、作用最次要,但其在中药方剂中有着举足轻重的作用。使药可分为引经药和调和药,引经药具有调节蛋白表达,调整细胞因子分泌,控制信号通路,物理增加有效成分的溶解,改变生物屏障细胞的分布等作用;调和药具有体外增溶,改变跨膜转运,调节体内代谢等作用。引经药的有效成分多为挥发油类和皂苷;糖类及甘草酸等成分则为调和药的有效成分。联合用药在疾病治疗方面所体现的作用越来越重要,我们可以利用现代技术研究中药的配伍原则,更加全面地认识中药。现叙述使药在方剂中的作用,最终强调中药配伍、联合用药的重要性。

Chinese medicines are widely used in combination as prescriptions rather than single drugs.The structure of the prescriptions is rigorous,even the slightest change will cause a significant impact.The compatibility of sovereign,minister,assistant,and guide is one of the key guiding principles for Chinese medicine prescriptions.Although the functions of each part are different,they are interrelated,influencing each other and learning from each other,so as to achieve the purpose of increasing efficiency and reducing toxicity.Both Platycodonis Radix in Tianwang Buxin Dan and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Shenghua Decoction are used as guiding medicinal.Although guiding medicinal has the lowest dose and the least effect,it has a vital function in a prescription.Guiding medicinal can be divided into meridian-inducing drugs and harmonic drugs.Meridian-inducing drugs can regulate protein expression,adjust the secretion of cytokines,control signaling pathways,physically increase the dissolution of active components,and change the distribution of biological barrier cells.Harmonic drugs can improve solubilization in vitro,change trans-membrane transportation,and regulate metabolism in vivo.The active components of meridian-inducing drugs are mostly volatile oils and saponins.Sugars and glycyrrhizic acids are the active components of harmonic drugs.The combination of drugs plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of diseases.We can use modern technology to study the compatibility principle of Chinese medicines and comprehensively understand Chinese medicines.This review described the role of guiding medicinal in Chinese medicine prescriptions,to emphasize the importance of compatibility and combination of Chinese medicines.