单/双组份PLA短纤维的制备及非织造应用研究

Preparation of single/two-component PLA staple fiber and study on the application of nonwoven

采用两种不同熔点的纤维级聚乳酸切片,通过熔融纺丝法制备单组分聚乳酸短纤维和双组份皮芯结构聚乳酸短纤维,并采用单组分和双组份聚乳酸短纤维,通过热风黏合法制备聚乳酸非织造材料。通过熔体黏度降和纤维断裂强度的变化研究纺丝温度和后牵伸倍率对纤维性能的影响,通过无纺布的断裂强力和厚度的变化研究单/双组份聚乳酸短纤维的配比和热风温度对无纺布性能的影响。结果表明:当控制单组分聚乳酸的纺丝温度230℃时,纤维可纺性良好,制得单组分聚乳酸纤维纤度1.67~2.70 dtex,断裂强度2.87~3.56 cN/dtex;当控制双组份聚乳酸的纺丝温度225℃时,纤维可纺性良好,纤维皮芯界面清晰,最终制得双组份聚乳酸纤维纤度1.67~2.42 dtex,断裂强度2.72~3.36 cN/dtex;将单/双组份聚乳酸短纤维按质量比1∶1共混且控制热风温度在110~118℃时,所得热风无纺布的横向强力23.9~26.21 N,纵向强力25.48~29.77 N,手感柔软蓬松。

Single component PLA staple fiber and skin-core composite PLA staple fiber by melt spinning using two different fiber grade PLA chips with different melting points were prepared.Then,PLA nonwovens by hot air bonding method using single component PLA staple fiber and skin-core composite PLA staple fiber were prepared.The effects of spinning temperature and post-draft ratio on fiber properties through the changes of melt viscosity drop and fiber breaking strength were studied,and also the effects of the ratio of single/two-component PLA staple fiber and hot air temperature on the properties of non-woven fabrics through the change of breaking strength and thickness of non-woven fabrics.The results showed that when the spinning temperature of single component PLA was controlled at 230℃,the spinnability of the fiber was good.Finally,the fiber size was 1.67~2.70 dtex,and the breaking strength was 2.87~3.56 cN/dtex.When the spinning temperature of skin-core composite PLA staple fiber was controlled at 225℃,the fiber had good spinnability and clear skin core interface.Finally,the fiber size was 1.67~2.42 dtex and the breaking strength was 2.72~3.36 cN/dtex.When the single/two-component PLA staple fiber was blended with 1∶1 mass ratio and the hot air temperature was controlled at 110~118℃,the obtained hot air non-woven fabric had a transverse strength of 23.9~26.21 N,a longitudinal strength of 25.48~29.77 N,and a soft and fluffy feel.