瑞平塘河氟化物污染状况调查及溯源研究

Investigation and Traceability of Fluoride Pollution in Ruipingtang River

以2016—2020年地表水常规监测结果为依据,发现瑞平塘河自2017年起出现氟化物质量浓度升高现象,2020年其中1个断面氟化物质量浓度平均值达到1.25 mg/L,比2016年高出145%。为此于2021年3—6月,对瑞平塘河流域的氟化物污染状况进行实地调查并开展溯源研究。研究结果显示,2021年氟化物质量浓度超过1.0 mg/L的点位占59.34%,其中超过1.5 mg/L的点位占42.86%,表明大部分河道氟化物质量浓度已经超过水体功能区要求,对生态环境安全构成较大潜在风险。溯源调查结果表明,排除了农业源及矿山源污染的可能,乳胶制品企业排放的废水为瑞平塘河氟化物的污染来源。针对目前该行业的排放标准和环境影响评价均未提及氟化物污染,企业废水处理设施也无除氟工艺单元,缺乏有效的污染防治措施与监管要求等问题。提出,应及时组织开展该区域乳胶制品行业整治提升,增加氟化物处理工艺单元,提升出水水质,确定氟化物排放浓度限值,并对该行业排放标准做进一步研究和完善等建议。

Based on the regular monitoring results of surface water from 2016 to 2020,it is found that the concentration of fluoride in Ruipingtang River has increased since 2017.In 2020,the average fluoride in one section reached 1.25 mg/L,145%higher than that in 2016.From March to June 2021,traceability investigation on fluoride had been carried out.The research results showed that in 2021,the fluoride concentrations in 59.34%of the sites were more than 1.0 mg/L,42.86%of the above sites showed fluoride concentrations more than 1.5 mg/L.The fluoride concentrations in most rivers exceeded the requirements of water function areas,posing a large potential risk to ecological environment security.The results of tracing investigation showed that agricultural sources and mines were not the sources of fluoride pollution in the Ruipingtang River,but the wastewater discharged by latex product enterprises were.At present,fluoride pollution is not mentioned in the discharge standards and environmental impact assessment of the industry,there is no fluoride removal process unit in the enterprise s wastewater treatment facilities,and there is a lack of effective pollution prevention measures and regulatory requirements.It is proposed that the improvement of latex products industry in this region should be organized in a timely manner,fluoride treatment process units should be added,effluent quality should be improved,fluoride emission concentration limits should be determined,and further research and improvement should be made on the emission standards of this industry.