施用不同类型肥料对桉树人工林土壤理化性质与酶活性的影响

Responses of Soil Physical Properties,Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activity to Different Eucalypt Plantation Fertilizers

探讨施用不同类型肥料对速生桉树人工林理化性质和酶活性的影响,为桉树人工林的地力维持和可持续经营提供理论依据。以尾巨桉人工林为研究对象,从造林开始进行施肥处理(分别施用有机肥、复合肥和有机无机复混肥,以不施肥为对照),分析施用不同类型肥料人工林的土壤理化性质和酶活性,探讨施肥对土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响以及酶活性与土壤理化性质之间的相互关系,筛选影响人工林土壤酶活性的主要环境因子。结果表明:施肥显著提高尾巨桉人工林土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效态磷、钾、钙、镁和铁含量(P<0.05)。与对照相比,施肥均可显著增加人工林土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,其中施用有机无机复混肥处理对土壤酶活性的影响最为显著,分别比对照提高了65.29%、92.40%、31.38%和19.72%,其次是施用有机肥,分别比对照提高了40.18%、44.00%、28.53%和26.62%。土壤质地、有效态土壤质地和有效态钙、镁、铁是影响尾巨桉人工林土壤酶活性的主要因子。施肥显著提高尾巨桉人工林土壤肥力和酶活性,其中以施用有机无机复混肥效果最佳。

The effects of applying different types of fertilizers on the physical-chemical properties and enzymatic activities of fast-growing eucalypt plantations were examined to provide theoretical basis for soil fertility maintenance and sustainable plantation management.In this study,E.urophylla×E.grandis plantations were fertilized from the beginning of afforestation with organic fertilizers,compound fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer respectively,with no fertilization as the control.Then,the soil physical and chemical properties along with enzyme activities of the plantations subject to different fertilizer treatments were measured,and the effect of fertilization treatments on the eucalypt plantations were analyzed.This included examining effects on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities,and the relationship between enzyme activities and soil physical-chemical properties.It was found that fertilization could significantly increase soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and available P,K,Ca,Mg,and Fe contents in plantations(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the three fertilization treatments significantly increased the activities of soil urease,invertase,acid phosphatase and catalase in the plantations,with organic-inorganic compound fertilizers having the most significant effect on soil enzyme activities.Compared with the control,they were increased by 65.29%,92.40%,31.38%and 19.72%respectively,followed by the application of organic fertilizer,which were significantly increased by 40.18%,44.00%,28.53%and 26.62%respectively compared with the control.Soil texture and available calcium,magnesium and iron were found to be the key determinants affecting soil enzyme activities in plantations.Overall it was found that fertilization significantly improved soil fertility and enzymatic activity of E.urophylla×E.grandis plantations,with application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer having the best effect.