国家纵向治理现代化中的立法变通授权

Authorization of Legislative Change in the Modernization of State Vertical Governance

中央授权特定地方通过立法变通积累成功经验,然后以点带面地促进整个国家的制度改良,是我国国家纵向治理体系的独特优势,其宪法基础是充分发挥央地两个积极性原则。立法法在2000年首次承认经济特区法规,2023年二修后写入新创立的海南自贸港法规和上海浦东新区法规。未来全国人大常委会可能继续作出类似授权。此种变通立法源于全国人大及其常委会的国家立法权,立法法宜明确其授权立法的性质,更应将立法变通授权机制正式规定为一项重要的立法制度安排。长远来看,立法法的相关制度安排应当进一步夯实国家纵向治理现代化的法治基础。相关的立法法释义学也宜围绕国家治理现代化来凝聚共识,更好形塑立法变通授权机制的功能。

It is the unique advantage of China s national vertical governance system that the central authorities authorize specific places to accumulate successful experience through legislative changes,and then improve the system of the whole country by promoting such experiences.Its constitutional basis is to give full play to the two positive principles of the central government and the local government.The Legislative Law first recognized the laws and regulations of special economic zones in 2000,but so far does not cover the laws and regulations of Hainan Free Trade Port newly established in 2021 and Shanghai Pudong New Area.The National People's Congress Standing Committee may continue to make similar authorizations in the future.This kind of legislation change originates from the national legislative power of the National People s Congress and its Standing Committee.The Legislative Law should clarify the nature of its authorized legislation,and should formally stipulate such legislative change authorization mechanism as an important legislative system arrangement.In the long run,the relevant institutional arrangements of the Legislative Law should further consolidate the rule of law foundation for the modernization of national vertical governance.Relevant hermeneutics of Legislative Law should also focus on the modernization of state governance to build consensus and better shape the function of legislative change authorization mechanism.