不同施肥模式对设施芹菜土壤次生盐渍化改良研究

Study on the improvement of secondary salinity of soils in celery field in facilities by different fertilization patterns

本研究旨在改良设施土壤次生盐渍化,探索一种能够治理退化耕地、提高经济效益的综合治理模式。以河北唐山设施芹菜次生盐渍化土壤为研究对象,以常规施肥(CF)为对照,研究不同施肥模式(OF、SC、FF)对次生盐渍化土壤生化指标、微生物多样性及芹菜品质、产量的影响。结果表明:与CF处理相比,各施肥处理均降低了土壤pH和水溶性盐总量,添施有机肥(OF)后土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾和缓效钾分别提高19.90%、2.39%、15.13%、0.15%,添施土壤调理剂(SC)后土壤有机质显著增加15.17%,添施功能肥(FF)也有增加土壤有机质、有效磷含量的趋势;设施土壤中阴离子以SO_(4)^(2-)为主,阳离子以Ca^(2+)离子为主;SC处理提升了土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性,增加变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度,降低放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)丰度,芹菜产量显著增加27.07%。添施土壤调理剂较OF、SC处理可提高设施芹菜可溶性固形物含量,降低硝酸盐含量。因此,添施土壤调理剂(SC)对设施次生盐渍化土壤改良及芹菜增产提质效果最佳。

This study aimed to improve the secondary salinization of soil in facilities and explore an integrated management model to manage degraded arable land and improve economic efficiency.The secondary salinized celery soils for celery production Tangshan,Hebei Province was selected as the research object.The effects of different fertilization patterns(OF,SC,FF)were studied on the biochemical indicators,microbial diversity,and celery quality and yield of secondary salinized soils by comparing with that of the conventional fertilization(CF)in the secondary salinized soil.The results showed that all fertilization treatments reduced soil pH and the total amount of water-soluble salt compared with the CF treatment.Organic fertilizer(OF)increased the available phosphorus,available potassium,and slowly available potassium by 19.90%,2.39%,15.13%,0.15%,respectively.And soil conditioner(SC)significantly increased soil organic matter by 15.17%.FF also increased the contents of soil organic matter and available phosphorus.The main anions in the soil were SO_(4)^(2-)and the main cations were Ca^(2+).Compared with CF treatment,SC treatment improved the richness and diversity of the soil bacterial community.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes increased,while the abundance of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi decreased.The yield of celery increased by 27.07%.Additional application of soil conditioner increased the soluble solids content of celery in facilities and reduced the nitrate content compared with that of the OF and SC treatments.Soil conditioner(SC)was the most effective for improving secondary saline soils in facilities and increasing the yield and quality of celery.