著作权对价机制诠释——兼论公众使用权为什么不是民法上的独立请求权

Interpretation of the Copyright Consideration Mechanism—Concurrently Discuss Why the Public Cannot CreateIndependent Claims under Copyright Law

学界对著作权法本质认知缺乏共识。现行著作权法有狭义和广义之分。狭义著作权法就是著作权保护法,而广义著作权法则是一个不同性质制度集合,它是以作者著作权保护为核心价值、公众使用权为结构性价值、共有领域为基础性价值的“立体结构体”。著作权法稳定运行并实现最终价值是基于在立体结构体中定位不同法律主体之间各自支付了对价、获得了不同性质的权利和自由。保护著作权使作者贡献了作品,保证了公众有可使用的思想资源,保障公众使用权则支撑了著作权人权利和自由长远的发展,它们之间交互对价共同维持了一个作品生产再生产机制趋向激励文学艺术繁荣、文化产业繁荣的制度目标,支撑一个现代法治国家运行。

Consensus of intrinsic cognition of the Copyright Act has not been reached in academia.This article holds that the current copyright law has a narrow and broad sense.The narrow sense of the copyright law is the copyright protection law.In the broad sense,copyright law is a collection of institutions of different nature.It is a“three-dimensional structure”with authors copyright protection as the core value,public use right as the structural value,and common domain as the basic value.The stable operation and ultimate value of copyright law is based on the positioning of different legal subjects in a three-dimensional structure,each paying a price and acquiring rights and freedom of a different nature.The protection of copyright allows authors to contribute their works to ensure that the public has an applicable resource of ideas.The protection of public use right,on the other hand,supports the long-term development of copyright owners rights and freedom.The interactive consideration among the subjects jointly sustains the institutional goal that a mechanism for the production and reproduction of works tends to stimulate the flourishing of literature and art and cultural industry,and support the operation of a modern state ruled by law.