黄淮南部和黄淮北部麦区小麦品种间的杂种优势、配合力及遗传特性分析

Analysis of Heterosis,Combining Ability,and Hereditary Characteristics between Wheat Varieties in North and South of Huang-Huai Region

为了探讨黄淮南部和黄淮北部麦区小麦品种间的杂种优势以及主要农艺性状的遗传特性,以黄淮南部麦区的8个小麦品种和黄淮北部麦区的7个小麦品种为亲本配制56个不完全双列杂交组合,对亲本及杂交组合的9个农艺性状进行杂种优势、配合力及遗传特性分析。结果表明:(1)株高、千粒重和结实小穗数的平均中亲优势较高,单株粒数和穗粒数的平均中亲优势为负向优势,各性状均出现了中亲优势较高的组合,说明黄淮麦区不同生态区小麦品种间具有较强的杂种优势。(2)临Y8012、周麦27和邯生923单株粒重的一般配合力效应最高,其他农艺性状的一般配合力也基本上表现优秀,用作亲本可进一步提高组合的产量。单株粒重特殊配合力较高的组合为百农207×临Y8012、秋乐2122×邯生923、周麦27×济麦39、浚2016×冀麦181、周麦17×冀麦181。组合百农207×临Y8012、周麦27×邯生923和周麦27×济麦39两个亲本的一般配合力效应及特殊配合力效应均比较高,为本研究中的最优组合。(3)株高和千粒重的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都较高,说明这两个性状加性效应较大且受环境影响较小,直接对这两个性状进行选择可取得良好的效果;单株粒重的广义遗传力较高,但其狭义遗传力较低,非加性方差成分占优势,因而对单株粒重直接选择效果不太显著,需要通过其他相关性状来辅助选择。

In order to explore the heterosis and hereditary characteristics between wheat varieties in north and south of Huanghuai region,56 incomplete diallel hybrid combinations were derived from eight wheat cultivars from Huanghuai southern wheat region and seven from Huanghuai northern wheat region.The heterosis,combining ability and hereditary characteristics of nine agronomic traits of the parents and their hybrids were analyzed.The results showed that the average mid-parent heterosis of plant height,1000-grain weight and spikelet number was high,while average mid-parent heterosis of grain number per plant and grain number per spike was negative.For each trait,cross combinations with higher mid-parent heterosis were found,suggesting a stronger heterosis between wheat cultivars from different ecotypical zones of Huanghuai wheat region.Lin Y8012,Zhoumai 27 and Hansheng 923 had the highest GCA(general combining ability)effect on grain weight per plant,and the GCA of other agronomic characters was basically excellent indicating these cultivars can be used as parents to further improve the yield of combinations.The combinations with the highest SCA(special combining ability)in total-grain-weight per plant were Bainong 207×Lin Y8012,Qiule 2122×Hansheng 923,Zhoumai 27×Jimai 39,Xun 2016×Jimai 181 and Zhoumai 17×Jimai 181.Furthermore,three combinations Bainong 207×Lin Y8012,Zhoumai 27×Hansheng 923 and Zhoumai 27×Jimai 39,were identified as the best ones,in which the parents exhibited higher GCA and the hybrids exhibited higher SCA.Both plant height and 1000-grain weight,exhibited higher broad heritability(BSH)and higher narrow-sense heritability(NSH),which indicates these two traits possessed higher additive effects and were rarely affected by environments.Therefore,the method of direct selection is recommended for them to obtain better result.Although higher BSH was observed in total-grain-weight per plant,its NSH was lower,and non-additively variant components were dominant.Therefore,the effect of direct selection on grain weight per plant is often not significant,which needs to be assisted by other related traits.