《尚书·多士》为两篇文章之误合问题探论

On the Miscombination of Two Articles of Shangshu·Duoshi(《尚书·多士》)

《尚书·多士》一向被古今学者视为一篇文献,但文中地点之矛盾说明《尚书·多士》实际上是创作于不同时间、不同地点的两篇文献,亦即两篇文章之误合。自开头“王若曰:‘尔殷遗多士’”至“时惟天命”为周天子周公旦于他在位二年东征打败殷商叛军后,在大邑商对追随武庚叛乱失败被俘殷商贵族也是殷商官员之诰辞。自“王曰:‘多士!昔朕来自奄’”至文末为周天子周公旦于他在位五年三月开工营建洛邑时,在洛邑对迁到洛邑并臣服于周的“殷多士”所作诰辞。认识到这一问题,所有关于作诰对象、作诰地点甚至作诰时间的疑惑皆可涣然冰释。

Shangshu·Duoshi has always been regarded as one document by ancient and modern scholars,but the contradiction of location in it tells us that Shangshu·Duoshi is actually the coincidence of two documents written at different times and different places.From the beginning to"This is destiny"is an order from Ji Dan,the king of Zhou Dynasty,to the merchantswho failsin following Wu Geng's rebellion and are captured after Ji Dan defeats the Shang rebels in the Eastern Expedition in the second year of his reign.From"The emperorsaid:'Noble officials!I came back from the election once upon a time'"to the end of the articleis a cautious speech issued by Ji Dan to Yin Duoshi who moves to Luoyi and surrendered Zhou when Ji Dan starts the construction of Luoyi in March of the fifth year of his reign.Recognizing this problem,all doubts about whom,where and even when to make an appointment can be dispelled.