环保高效制备竹纤维研究进展

Development of Environmentally Friendly and Efficient Bamboo Fiber Processing

随着不可再生资源急剧消耗,绿色、低碳和循环经济体系构建已成为各行各业可持续发展的重中之重。竹产业是我国一大特色产业,在“碳达峰、碳中和”双碳战略以及“禁塑令”政策的大力推行下,竹纤维作为一种新型天然绿色纤维成为当前研究热点之一。竹纤维具有强度高、密度小、弹性好、耐磨、透气、可再生、可降解等特点,相比玻璃纤维和碳纤维易降解,且降解碳排量少,可作为复合材料增强相代替部分塑料,有着巨大经济潜力。但目前竹纤维制备均伴随着大量污染,失去了自身环保优势,且制备的竹纤维存在木质素残留多、纤维长度短、并丝毛羽多、粗细不均匀等问题,制约竹纤维在纺织和复合材料领域高附加值的应用。本研究基于大量文献报道,重点总结近年来竹纤维环保制备方法的研究概况,对比各种方法制备竹纤维的基本性能,分析各种方法的优缺点和关键技术难点,并对竹纤维制备进行展望。新型环保制备技术创新和高效自动化设备升级,是实现原料、设备和工艺一体化发展,提升竹纤维自身性能,降低制品成本,拓展竹纤维高附加值产品开发的重要发展方向。

With an ever-increasing consumption of non-renewable resources,the construction of green cycle and lowcarbon economy has become the top priority of the sustainable development of all walks of life throughout the world.The bamboo industry is one of the major industries that are very unique to China.With the implementation of three low-carbon emission reduction policies of"carbon peak,carbon neutralization and carbon trading"and the"plastic ban"policy,bamboo fiber,as a type of natural green fiber,is seeing resurgence in interests leading it to becoming a current research hotspot.Bamboo fiber has the characteristics of high strength,low density,good elasticity,wear resistance,breathability,renewable,and degradable.Compared with glass fiber and carbon fiber,it is easy to degrade and has less degradable carbon emissions.It can be used as a reinforcing phase of composite materials to partly replace plastics and has huge economic potential.However,the current preparation method used to produce bamboo material and bamboo fiber do result in a lot of pollution,so that bamboo fiber loses its environmental advantages;there are also still many problems in the preparation of bamboo fiber,such as lignin residues,short fiber length,hairiness,uneven thickness and so on.These processing issues restrict the high value-added application of bamboo fiber in textile and composite materials.Based on a large number of scientific studies,this paper focus on the development of environmentally friendly bamboo fiber preparation method.The basic properties of these method were compared and the advantages,disadvantages and key technical difficulties of various method were analyzed.Thus,the preparation of bamboo fiber was prospected.The innovation of new environmentally friendly preparation technology and the upgrade of high-efficiency automation equipment are important development directions for realizing the integrated development of raw materials,equipment and processes,improving the performance of bamboo fibers,reducing product costs,and expanding the development of high value-added products of bamboo fibers.