释 “封建亲戚,以藩屏周”——西周分封制再思考

Restudy on the System of Enfeoffs in the Western Zhou Dynasty

“封建亲戚,以藩屏周”是对西周分封制的笼统概括。“封建亲戚”的原因在于追念夏商之灭亡,其由来有自,而非空穴来风。分封对象的称谓多有变化,含义有广狭之别,深层原因可能是基于对藩屏效果的判断。西周统治者通过分封、宗法及世官等制度将周邦与天下多邦“合为一家”。西周分封制表面上是“分”,实质上是“合”,即在王畿及四土的疆域范围内通过分封同姓亲族及异姓贵族,达到将点连线,进而扩充至面以维护其政治统治的目的。王畿采邑和畿外封国皆是西周王朝分封制的组成部分,但从拱卫周王室的实际效果来看,同姓封国依然是维护西周政治统治的中坚力量。

“enfeoffs relatives to defend the Zhou”is a general summary of enfeoffment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty.The reason was to learn the lessons of the demise of Xia and Shang Dynasties.There were many changes in the appellation of the object of enfeoffment,and the meaning was broad and narrow.The underlying reasons may be based on the judgment of the effect in defend the Zhou royal family.Both the fiefdom and the states were the products of the enfeoffment system,and the Zhou Dynasty strengthened its control over the territory through the enfeoffment of Wangji and Situ.However,from the actual effect of defending the Zhou royal family,the same surname was still the backbone of maintaining the political rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty.