晚清徽州吏治败坏及其成因研究——以《裕课清累全案》为中心

Case Study on the Management of Huizhou Petty Officials in the Late Qing Dynasty:Focused on the Record of the Reduction of Tax Burden

同治年间休宁粮差大案是晚清时期徽州吏治败坏的集中体现。此案中差役操纵勒索情形极为严重,对百姓危害巨大。官府腐败无能,长时间内无力解决差役危害,死灰复燃、愈演愈烈成为常态。此种局面的形成与清代胥吏制度有密切关系,而晚清徽州宗族衰落,对胥吏失去钳制能力,也是重要原因。

The case of the errands who collected grain in the Xiuning County was a representative sample of the corruption of the Huizhou petty officials in the Tongzhi period.In this case,the errands’manipulation was very serious,which did great harm to the people.The corruption and incompetence of the government made it unable to solve the problem for a long time.Resurgence and intensification of the corruption have become normal.The formation of this situation was closely related to the official system in the Qing Dynasty.The decline of Huizhou patriarchal clans in the late Qing Dynasty was also an important reason for their inability to suppress the petty officials as in the past.