2020东京奥运会女子400米自由泳分段配速及体力分配战术对比研究——以前三名为例

A Comparative Study of Pacing Tactic and Physical Power Strategy of Women’s 400m Freestyle at Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games--Three Medalists

为了更好地了解当前游泳女子400米自由泳体力分配在比赛中的运用情况,本文通过查阅相关文献数据,采用数据统计、对比分析、逻辑分析等研究方法,着重以体力分配视角分析2020东京奥运会女子400米自由泳预决赛前三名的分段配速、体力分配战术运用情况,以找出不同之处。研究发现:(1)蒂特姆斯选手和莱德基选手两位实力相当,其分段成绩不相上下;(2)第二名选手莱德基是2016年里约奥运会该项目的冠军,但在此次比赛中没有很好展示出战术节奏,后半程出现明显失误;(3)李冰洁选手应该把重点放在提升自身竞技能力以及出发转身等细节上。三名选手们目前的综合实力都属于较高水平,主要表现在对于自身分段配速及体力分配上。但是在一些体力战术运用上还需再精进一些,尤其是我国选手李冰洁。同时女子400米自由泳该项目在日后的训练过程当中,可以从第四阶段所表现出的“降速现象”入手,对运动员们的无氧能力及后程耐力加大操练,争取将生理极限等方面突破到新的高度。

In order to better understand the application of physical power strategy in women's 400m freestyle swimming race today,this peper uses data statistics,comperative analysis,logical analysis and other rescarch methods of relevant literature data to analyze the pacing tactics and physical power strategis of the three medalists of the women's 400m freestyle finals at 2020 Tokyo Olympics.Findings are as fllows.(1)Ttmus and Ledecky have comperable qualties,and their lap times are close;(2)The runner-up,Ledecky,who was the champion of this event at 2016 Rio Olympics,failed to perform at the right tactical rhythm in this competition but made obvious errors in the second half;(3)Li Bingjie should focus on improving her competitive ability and work on her start and tumn.To sum up,the current comprehensive strength of the three medalists is at a high level,epeially their pacing tactics and physical power strategies.However,some physical tactics need to be more refined,especially for Li Bingie from our country.At the same time,in the future training of the women's 400m freestyle,we can start with the"slower speed phenomenon"exposed in the fourth phase,increase the training of the swimmers'anaerobic ability and endurance in the last part of the race,and strive to break the physiological limit to a new height.