大学足球运动伤害事故影响因素ISM模型的构建——基于Haddon矩阵

ISM Model Structuring of Factors Affecting College Football Sports Injury Accident--Based on Haddon Matrix

作为世界上最有影响的体育项目,足球运动魅力正吸引着越来越多的大学生参与其中。体育活动中经常会出现受伤事件,需要避免此类问题的发生。本文通过分析大学生体育伤害事件,旨在实现防范风险的针对性、科学性,以期降低受伤事件的发生几率,促进校园足球的健康发展。研究以高校体育损伤事故为例,首先采用Haddon矩阵,对高校学生受伤事故的发生进行全面描述,并在此基础上,从事故发生的前中后三个时间维度,挖掘受伤事故的危害因素;采用Haddon矩阵中的相关危险因子,对420名在校大学生进行问卷调查和结果分析,采用Spss26软件进行验证。根据对高校体育损伤事件的调查结果进行分析,并与德尔菲方法相结合,得出15项危险因素,其中包括宿主因素、媒介因素、物理因素和社会因素。根据专家意见,通过对影响因子的影响程度构造相邻矩阵,以相邻矩阵为基础,通过Matlab软件,求出相邻矩阵和单元矩阵的总和,从而产生可达矩阵。根据布尔操作规则,分层抽取高校足球损伤的影响因子,得到可达矩阵与等级的关系,最终给出了ISM结构的解析模型。研究结果显示:①ISM模型具有较好的拟合性,可以推断出高校足球损伤事件发生的原因;②该模式共有八个层面(由上至下)的交互作用,各影响因子分布于不同层面;③存在有两个主要危险因子S1和S4,S1是指对足球运动的兴趣不高、参加体育活动经验不足,S4是指不正确的运动行为,它们是防范高校足球运动受伤事件的主要原因。

Fooball is the most infuential sport in the world.Its infinite charm ttracts more and more college students to participate in this confrontational and changeable sport.Participation in fotball is often accompanied by the occurrence of injury accidents.Risk analysis of col lege foot ball injury accidents can achieve targeted and scientific risk avoidance and control,so a to greatly reduce the probability of injury accidents,reduce the risk cofficient of college students participating in fooball and steadily promote the healthy development of campus fotball.Through a case analysis of college football injury accidents,Haddon matrix is introduced to show the whole process of college football injury accidents,and risk factors are mined from three time dimensions-before,during and after injury accidents.Then,the risk factors involved in Haddon matrix were compiled into E questionnaire to investigate 420 college students,and the data obtained from the survey were sorted out,and Spss26 software was used to test their reliability and validity.By sorting out the data obtained from the questionnaire survey and combining with Delphi method,15 risk factors causing injury accidents in college fobll are finally determined,which are classified into four major infuencing factors:host factor,media factor,physical factor and social environment.Based on the adjacency matrix,Matlab software is used to calculate the sum of the adjacency matrix and the identity matrix,and the reachable matrix is generated.Acording to the Boolean algorithm,the influencing factors of college football injury are extracted hierarcically,and the relation between the reachable matrix and hierarchy is calculated.Finally,the ISM structural interpretation model of the factors afcting college football injury accidents is drawn.The following results are found.(1)The ISM model has a good fit,which can comprehensively infer the causes of college foball injuries.(2)There are eight levels(from top to bottom)of interaction in this model,and each influence factor is distributed at different levels with corrsponding explanations.(3)There are two main risk factors,S1 and S4.S1 refers to low interest in football and lack of experience in sports activities,and S4 refers to incorrect sports behaviors,which are the main factors in the prevention of college fooball injuries.