合同漏洞填补规则的文本分析

Text Analysis of Contract Loophole Filling Rules

《民法典》第510条是合同漏洞填补体系的“火车头”。本条所列举的可填补内容为一般合同的非必要条款。依据不同的法律规定、合同性质、当事人约定,一般合同的必要条款不尽相同。因非必要条款形成的漏洞不影响合同的成立,但影响合同的履行。合同漏洞的填补规则中的各关键要素需要作精细化的文本分析。“约定不明确”应当理解为法官穷尽合同解释仍不能确定争议条款的确切含义。“合同相关条款”不应局限于系争合同本身,可扩展至交易过程中当事人之间产生的相关合同。“合同相关条款”与合同性质及目的相关。“交易习惯”需要做缩限解释。此外,运用诚信原则、绿色原则、公平原则做漏洞填补兜底工具。

Article 510 of the Civil Code is the"locomotive"of the contract loophole filling system.The fillable contents listed in this article are non-essential clauses of the general contract.According to different legal provisions,the nature of the contract and the agreement of the parties,the necessary terms of the general contract are various.The loopholes formed by unnecessary clauses will not affect the formation of the contract,but will affect the performance of the contract.The key elements in the filling rules of contract loopholes need to be analyzed in detail."Unclear agreement"should be understood as that the judge can not determine the exact meaning of the dispute clause after exhausting the contract interpretation.The"relevant terms of the contract"should not be limited to the disputed contract itself,but can be extended to the relevant contracts between the parties in the transaction process."Relevant terms of the contract"are related to the nature and purpose of the contract."Trading habits"need to be explained in a limited way.In addition,we should use the principles of honesty,green and fairness to fill loopholes.