论我国环境合规法律框架的构建--以合规计划与合规抗辩为切入点

On the Construction of China's Legal Framework for Environmental Compliance--Starting from Compliance Programme and Compliance Defense

企业合规发轫于英美刑事法中的“暂缓起诉协议”制度,并逐渐扩张至民事、行政领域,其目的在于促使企业自主建立“合规管理体系”。由于其具有激励作用,能够减少企业违法风险,与现代环境法预防环境风险的要求相契合。我国环境合规广泛存在于实践当中,但其适用场域、法律形式和法律后果尚不明晰,需要寻找其体系定位。事前已然合规的合规抗辩与事后承诺合规的合规计划是贯穿环境合规的两条主线。深入探讨二者在环境民事诉讼、行政行为、刑事诉讼等领域的适用方式及法律后果,能够串联起了我国环境污染责任体系,构建起我国环境合规法律框架。

Corporate compliance originated from the"deferred prosecution agreement"system in the British and American criminal law,and gradually expanded to the civil and administrative fields,with the purpose of promoting enterprises to establish their own"compliance management system".Because of its incentive effect,it can reduce the risk of illegal enterprises,which is consistent with the requirements of modern environmental law to prevent environmental risks.China's environmental compliance widely exists in practice,but its application field,legal form and legal consequences are still unclear,and its system positioning needs to be found.The compliance defense that has been complied with in advance and the compliance plan that promises compliance after the event are the two main lines running through environmental compliance.In-depth discussion of the application methods and legal consequences of the two in the fields of environmental civil litigation,administrative action,criminal litigation and other fields can link up China's environmental pollution liability system and build up China's environmental compliance legal framework.