被容许的风险的基础问题

Fundamental issues of the allowed risk

被容许的风险的产生、发展与风险社会的关系密切,风险社会的到来成为被容许的风险的社会基础。风险刑法在一定程度上承担着风险分配的功能,被容许的风险促使其立法和适用更为谦抑。风险的外延比危险更为宽泛。危险犯中的危险系结果危险,被容许的风险中的风险大致包含行为危险与结果危险。剩余风险应为事实上活动、技术等领域无法掌控的固有风险,被容许的风险更侧重规范评价上的容许。被容许的风险在能否成为正当化事由的对象时,与正当化事由存在差别。被容许的风险的内涵可归结为经过利益权衡应当排除归责的行为。被容许的风险在刑法条文中没有相关表述,在存在范围上不包括日常生活的风险与没有制造风险的行为,具体判断需要借助相关规范,其适用后果仅排除刑事归责。

The emergence and development of the allowed risk are closely related to the risk society,and the arrival of the risk society has become the social basis of the allowed risk.Risk criminal law bears the function of risk distribution to a certain extent,and the allowed risk makes its legislation and application more restrained.The extension of risk is broader than that of danger.The danger in the offences of endangerment is the result danger,and the risk in the allowed risk roughly includes the danger of conduct and danger of result.The residual risk should be the inherent risk beyond the control of activities,technology and other fields in fact,and the allowed risk is more focused on the tolerance of normative evaluation.When it comes to whether the allowed risk can be the object of the justification,it is different from justification.The connotation of the allowed risk is the conduct that should excluded imputation after the measurement of interests.The allowed risks are not expressed in the provisions of the criminal law,and the scope of existence does not include the risks of daily life and the behaviors that do not create risks.The specific judgments need to rely on relevant norms,and the legal consequences are applicable to the exclusion and imputation of the criminal law.