纳米农药的优势与环境风险研究进展

Research Progress on the Advantages and Environmental Risks of Nanopesticides

农药制剂向着水基化、高效化、智能化与环保型方向发展。采用纳米材料制备技术构建的纳米农药因其小尺寸效应、界面效应和高渗透效应等特性提升了农药制剂的分散性、生物防效、控释特性及生物利用度。然而,与传统农药制剂相比,纳米农药在对非靶标生物毒性及环境归趋方面呈现出了新的特性,其环境风险及安全性引起了越来越多的关注。本文在归纳总结纳米农药的优势的同时,对其环境风险研究进展进行了综述,探讨了纳米农药在环境中的归趋及其生态毒理学效应,为纳米农药的有效、安全应用和风险防控提供参考依据。

Pesticide formulations are developing towards water-based,highly efficient,intelligent and environmentally friendly forms.Nanopesticides constructed by nanotechnology have improved the dispersibility,control efficacy,controlled-release characteristic and bioavailability of pesticide formulations because of their small size efiect,interfacial effect and high penetration effect.However,compared with conventional pesticide formulations,nanopesticides present some new characteristics in terms of toxicity to non-target organisms and environmental fate.Environmental risks and safety of nanopesticides have attracted increasing attention.In the paper,the advantages of nanopesticides were summarized.Meanwhile,the research progress on their environmental risks were reviewed,and the environmental fate of nanopesticides and their ecotoxicological effects were discussed in order to provide references for the effective and safe application and risk prevention and control of nanopesticides.