延安市2021年气象条件对苹果生产的影响

Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Apple Production in Yan’an City in 2021

利用延安市13个国家气象观测站2021年和1981—2010年气象观测资料进行对比,分析了2021年气象条件对延安苹果生产的影响。结果表明,2021年延安市苹果主要生育期平均气温正常略偏高、降水偏多、光照偏少。4月开花期较常年同期提前7~10 d,花期出现低温冻害,6月下旬至8月中旬,出现了高温、干旱叠加天气,9月下旬至10月上旬出现了连阴雨天气过程。主要气象灾害有低温冻害、高温、干旱、冰雹、秋淋。在苹果的生长发育期,总体气象条件利于苹果坐果、幼果及第一次膨大的生长,不利于苹果二次膨大生长,着色成熟期由于阴雨天气影响,采摘时间较常年推迟。综合气象条件分析,2021年延安市气象条件对苹果生产利大于弊。

The meteorological observation data of 13 national meteorological observation stations in Yan’an in 2021 and 1981-2010 were compared to analyze the impact of meteorological conditions on apple production in Yan’an in 2021.The results showed that the average temperature during the main growth period of apples in Yan’an City in 2021 was slightly higher than normal,with more rainfall and less light.The flowering period in April was 7~10 days earlier than that in the same period of the year.The flowering period is subject to low temperature and freezing damage.From late June to mid August,there was a superposition of high temperature and drought.From late September to early October,there is a continuous rainy weather process.The main meteorological disasters include low temperature and freezing damage,high temperature,drought,hail and autumn rain.In the growth and development period of apples,the overall meteorological conditions are conducive to the growth of fruit setting,young fruit and the first expansion of apples,but not conducive to the second expansion of apples.Due to the influence of rainy weather,the color ripening period is delayed compared with the normal year.According to the analysis of meteorological conditions,the meteorological conditions in Yan’an in 2021 will have more advantages than disadvantages for apple production.