呼伦贝尔市雷暴灾害统计分析及雷电防御对策

Statistical Analysis of Thunderstorm Disaster in Hulunbeier City and Lightning Prevention Countermeasures

依据呼伦贝尔市1981—2013年逐月雷暴日数、每年初日和终日资料,统计分析呼伦贝尔市雷暴灾害特征,并给出相关的雷电防御对策。结果表明:呼伦贝尔市雷暴日数总体呈现出减少的趋势,气候变化倾向率为-2.213 d/10年,下降趋势较为显著;每年11月—翌年3月,呼伦贝尔市几乎没有雷暴天气出现,4—7月雷暴出现频率不断增加,从8月份往后雷暴日数逐月减少,这种变化情况几乎与西太平洋副热带高压的南北进退保持一致;1981—2013年呼伦贝尔市雷暴初日、终日整体呈现出推迟的趋势,分别以0.238、0.266 4 d/年的趋势推迟;为了将雷电灾害造成的损失降到最低,应分别从雷电监测预警和灾害风险评估、建筑物安全防护、易燃易爆场所安全防护、电子设备的安全防护、应急安全防护等方面出发做好雷电防御工作。

According to the data of monthly thunderstorm days,the first day and the last day of each year in Hulunbuir city from 1981 to 2013,the characteristics of thunderstorm disaster in Hulunbuir City were analyzed statistically,and the relevant lightning prevention countermeasures were given.The results showed that the thunderstorm days in Hulunbeier City showed a decreasing trend in general,and the tendency rate of climate change was-2.213 d/10 a,with a significant downward trend;There is almost no thunderstorm weather in Hulunbeier from November to March of the next year.The frequency of thunderstorms increases from April to July,and the number of thunderstorm days decreases month by month from August.This change is almost consistent with the north-south advance and retreat of the Western Pacific subtropical high;From 1981 to 2013,the beginning and end days of thunderstorms in Hulunbeier City showed a trend of postponement,with the trend of 0.238 and 0.2664/a year respectively;In order to minimize the losses caused by lightning disasters,we should do a good job in lightning protection from the aspects of lightning monitoring and early warning,disaster risk assessment,safety protection of buildings,safety protection of flammable and explosive places,safety protection of electronic equipment,emergency safety protection,etc.