形式化时间的困境——论胡塞尔时间现象学中的疑难

The dilemma of formalized time:On the problematique in Husserl’s phenomenology of time

胡塞尔之所以认为时间问题是“所有现象学问题中最困难的”,是因为他一方面坚持认为时间是刚性不变的“意识形式”,另一方面又认为时间是一种“活的当前”。这两种矛盾的理解使胡塞尔在解释时间现象时,经常陷入“无限倒退”“静止不动”。胡塞尔的前一种时间观实际上没有超出亚里士多德、牛顿等人的传统时间理解;而后一种思想却富含新意,启迪了海德格尔、德里达、斯蒂格勒等后来一批重要思想家对时间问题推陈出新的探索。

The reasons that Husserl regards the problem of time as“the most difficult of all phenomenological problems”lie in two aspects.On the one hand,Husserl insists that time is the rigid form of consciousness;on the other hand,he discovers that time has the dynamic structure of the“living present”.These two contradictory understandings of time often render Husserl fall into the dilemmas of“endless regression”and“motionless standstill”when interpreting the phenomenology of time.In fact,Husserl’s former understanding of time does not go beyond the traditional explanation of time by Aristotle,Newton and the like,while his latter understanding of time is rich in inspiration which enlightens a host of later philosophers like Heidegger,Derrida,Stiegler and so on to get rid of the stale and bring forth the fresh in exploring time.