当代西方学者的精神生态危机——基于学院派小说《拉维尔斯坦》的阐释

TheSpiritual Ecological Crisis of Contemporary Western Scholars——An Interpretation Based on the Academic Novel Ravelstein

索尔·贝娄人生中最后一部小说《拉维尔斯坦》以美国当代著名学者艾伦·布鲁姆为原型,深刻展现了当代西方学术界学者的精神生态危机。在日常生活层面,通过刻画学者追名逐利及放纵自我的行为,揭露了当代西方物质主义、消费主义以及放纵主义思想泛滥所导致的学者精神堕落的现实。在学术精神层面,通过刻画学者学术精神的丧失,批判和讽刺了“象牙塔”中学术精神的腐化和污染。在学术精神生态系统层面,通过描写学者“近亲繁殖”及拉帮结派等不良现象,呈现了西方学术界学术精神生态系统遭受的整体性破坏。

Ravelstein, based on Alan Bloom, a famous contemporary American scholar, is the last novel of Saul Bellow. The novel deeply manifests the spiritual ecological crisis of contemporary western academia. In terms of daily life, through the depiction of scholars’ pursuit of fame and wealth and self indulgence, it reveals scholars’ spiritual degeneration caused by prevalent materialism, consumerism and permissivism. In terms of academic spirit, it criticizes and satirizes the corrupt and polluted academic spirit of the so-called “ivory tower” by delineating the loss of scholars’ academic spirit. In terms of academic spirit ecosystem, it shows the problems of the academic spirit ecosystem of western academia through the description of undesirable phenomena such as inbreeding and cliques.