支持径向交会对接任务的宽波束中继方法研究

Design of wide beam data relay for rendezvous and docking in V-bar

针对神舟飞船和天和空间站径向交会对接形成组合体的工作模式下,神舟飞船宽波束中继S终端对中继卫星视场缩小导致测控覆盖率降低的现象,提出一种基于组阵和时空分集技术的宽波束中继S链路的设计构想,通过在天和空间站宽波束中继S终端内部增设功分器和合路器,以及在组合体径向对接口的对接总线内部增设高频电缆。利用天和空间站的宽波束中继S发射天线和接收天线,传送神舟飞船的宽波束中继S信号。神舟飞船宽波束中继S终端,同时接收和处理组合体对接总线内部高频电缆和神舟飞船I/III象限收发的宽波束中继S信号,解决了中继卫星过顶遮挡导致的测控覆盖率降低的问题,提升了链路可靠性。经仿真分析,相比单独工作模式,测控覆盖率提升了25.3%。对于接收链路,采用时空分集技术,对3个方向的宽波束中继S信号进行互相关解算和最大比合并,获得信号合并增益,有效提升了接收信号的信噪比和有效带宽。

A design of S-band wide beam data relay based on array antennas design and space-time diversity is proposed,as the coverage rate of Shenzhou spacecraft is decreased heavily when V-bar rendezvous and docking with Tianhe space station.Power divider and combiner are added in the S-band wide beam data relay terminal device of Tianhe space station,along with the high frequency cables are laid inside the docking port.The S-band wide beam signal is received by the antennas installed on the top of Tianhe space station and transmitted through the cables laid spacecraft received and processed the S-band wide beam signal in three directions including the docking port as well as the first quadrant and the third quadrant of Shenzhou spacecraft.Both the coverage rate and link probability are improved.According to the simulation result,the coverage rate improved 25.3%by this method.In respect of receiving link,space-time diversity is applied to improve the signal to nosie ratio and effective bandwidth by maximum ratio combining of the S-band wide beam signals in the three direction.