论个人信息删除权:特性、困境及完善路径——以新冠疫情防控为视角

On the Right to Erasure of Personal Information:Characteristics,Dilemmas and Improvement Paths--From the Perspective of COVID-19 Prevention and Control

个人信息删除权是《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》规定的个人在个人信息处理过程中享有的重要权利.个人信息删除权兼具公私法属性.从新冠疫情的突发公共卫生事件性质以及我国在疫情防控期间出台的相关规范性文件可知,当前的社会状态实质上可以等同于紧急状态.在此社会背景下,将个人信息删除权认定为公法上的权利能够有效发挥防御权、客观法功能,进而通过公权力的保护义务保障个人信息权益.在这种逻辑路径下,通过设立“个人请求-公权力机关通知”的模式,利用政府信息公开制度公开个人信息处理标准,完善个人信息删除权的制度设计,解决实践中存在的新冠病毒感染者行权成本高、个人信息处理者义务履行难的问题.

The right to erasure of personal information is an important right enjoyed by individuals in the process of processing personal information under the Personal Information Protection Law.The right to erasure of personal information is both public and private law attributes.From the nature of the public health emergency of the COVID-19 and the relevant normative documents issued by China during the epidemic prevention and control period,it can be seen that the current social state can be equivalent to a state of emergency in essence.In this social context,identifyingthe right to erasure of personal information as a right in public law can effectively play the role of defense and objective law,and then protect the rights and interests of personal information through the protection obligation of public power.Under such logical path,through the establishment of the model of"requested by individual-noticed by power",the use of the government information disclosure system to disclose personal information processing standards to improve the systemdesign of the right to erasure of personal information,to solve the problems of high cost of exercising rights by COVID-19 infected persons and difficulty in performing the obligations of personal information processors in practice.